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Chapter 4: Problem 3

Describe hydration. What properties of water enable its molecules to interact with ions in solution?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Hydration is the process wherein water molecules surround and interact with solute particles. The dipole nature of water due to its polarity allows for effective interaction with ions in solution through ion-dipole forces.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Hydration

Hydration is the process in which water molecules surround and interact with solute particles. This is most common with ionic compounds that are soluble in water, wherein the negatively charged ions (anions) will be surrounded by water molecules with their hydrogen side facing the ion, and the positively charged ions (cations) will be surrounded by water molecules with their oxygen side facing the ion.
02

Properties of Water Necessary for Hydration

Water molecules have a property called polarity, which means they have a positive side (where the hydrogen atoms are) and a negative side (where the oxygen atom is). This property allows it to interact effectively with ions in solution. The ion-dipole forces between the water molecules and the ions in the solution allow for this interaction and lead to the process of hydration.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A \(46.2-\mathrm{mL}, 0.568 M\) calcium nitrate \(\left[\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\right]\) solution is mixed with \(80.5 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(1.396 \mathrm{M}\) calcium nitrate solution. Calculate the concentration of the final solution.

Acetic acid (CH \(_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) ) is an important ingredient of vinegar. A sample of \(50.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of a commercial vinegar is titrated against a \(1.00 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) solution. What is the concentration (in \(M\) ) of acetic acid present in the vinegar if \(5.75 \mathrm{~mL}\) of the base are needed for the titration?

Which of the following are redox processes? (a) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{VO}_{3} \longrightarrow \mathrm{VO}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{SO}_{3} \longrightarrow \mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}\)

Oxygen \(\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) and carbon dioxide \(\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)\) are colorless and odorless gases. Suggest two chemical tests that would enable you to distinguish between these two gases.

Acetylsalicylic acid ( \(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) ) is a monoprotic acid commonly known as "aspirin." A typical aspirin tablet, however, contains only a small amount of the acid. In an experiment to determine its composition, an aspirin tablet was crushed and dissolved in water. It took \(12.25 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.1466 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{NaOH}\) to neutralize the solution. Calculate the number of grains of aspirin in the tablet. (One grain \(=0.0648\) g.)
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