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Chapter 5: Problem 15

State the following gas laws in words and also in the form of an equation: Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law. In each case, indicate the conditions under which the law is applicable, and give the units for each quantity in the equation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Boyle's law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, and is represented as \(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\). Charles' law states that volume is directly proportional to temperature for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, and can be written as \(V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2\). Avogadro's law states that volume is directly proportional to the number of gas particles at a constant temperature and pressure, and can be represented as \(V_1/n_1 = V_2/n_2\).

Step by step solution

01

Boyle's Law

Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas, at a constant temperature, the pressure and volume of the gas are inversely proportional. This is represented by the equation \(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\), where P represents pressure, V stands for volume, and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final states, respectively. This law is applicable when the temperature remains constant and the amount of gas does not change. The commonly used units for pressure are Pascals (Pa) and atmospheres (atm), and for volume, it's usually cubic meters (m^3) or liters (L).
02

Charles' Law

Charles' Law states that for a fixed amount of gas, at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature. This can be written as \(V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2\), where V represents volume, T stands for temperature, and the subscripts 1 and 2 represent the initial and final states, respectively. Charles' law is applicable when the pressure is kept constant, and the amount of gas is unchanging. The commonly used unit for volume is liters (L) or cubic meters (m^3), and temperature is usually measured in Kelvin (K).
03

Avogadro's Law

Avogadro's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of gas particles, given constant temperature and pressure. Mathematically, it can be represented as \(V_1/n_1 = V_2/n_2\), where V stands for volume, n represents the number of particles, and the subscripts 1 and 2 indicate the initial and final states, respectively. This law applies when both the temperature and pressure are constant. The commonly used unit for volume is liters (L) or cubic meters (m^3), while for the number of particles, it is usually the mole (mol).

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