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Chapter 6: Problem 1

Define these terms: system, surroundings, open system, closed system, isolated system, thermal energy, chemical energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, law of conservation of energy.

Short Answer

Expert verified
System is the chosen part of the universe for study. Surroundings are everything outside the system. An open system can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings, a closed one only energy, while an isolated system can exchange neither. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of atoms/molecules in a system, chemical energy is the potential of a system to undergo reactions, potential energy is the energy due to position/stress/charge etc., kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Law of Conservation of Energy suggests energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.

Step by step solution

01

Define System

In thermodynamics, a system is a portion of the physical universe chosen for analysis. Everything outside the system is known as the surroundings.
02

Define Surroundings

The surroundings are everything outside of the system that can interact with it. This could include the container in which a reaction occurs, the room in which an experiment is conducted, and so on.
03

Define Open System

An open system is a type of thermodynamic system where both matter and energy can be exchanged with the surroundings.
04

Define Closed System

A closed system is a type of thermodynamic system where energy can be exchanged with the surroundings, but matter cannot.
05

Define Isolated System

An isolated system is a type of thermodynamic system where neither matter nor energy can be exchanged with the surroundings.
06

Define Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the internal energy of a system due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules.
07

Define Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction.
08

Define Potential Energy

Potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.
09

Define Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its motion.
10

Define Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; instead, it transforms from one form to another.

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