Chapter 7: Problem 121

Draw orbital diagrams for atoms with the following electron configurations: (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\) (b) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3}\) (c) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The orbital diagrams for these electron configurations should follow the pattern of the structure of the atom (number of orbitals and electrons in each energy level). Application of Hund's rule ensures that each orbital in a subshell is singly occupied before any orbital becomes doubly occupied.

Step by step solution

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\)

This electron configuration states that there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, 2 electrons in the 2s orbital, and 5 electrons in the 2p orbitals. An orbital diagram represents each orbital as a box and each electron as an arrow. Arrows pointing up and down represent electrons with opposite spins. Draw one box for the 1s orbital and place two arrows (one up, one down) in it. Draw another box for the 2s orbital and place two arrows (one up, one down) in it. For the 2p orbitals, draw three boxes (they represent 2px, 2py, 2pz) and place 5 arrows in them (use Hund's rule: fill each box with one electron before pairing up electrons).

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3}\)

This configuration states that there are 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, 2 in the 2s orbital, 6 in the 2p orbitals, 2 in the 3s orbital, and 3 in the 3p orbitals. Depict each orbital as a box and fill it with arrows (representing electrons) as done previously. Draw one box for 1s, one box for 2s, three boxes for 2p, one box for 3s, and three boxes for 3p. Fill the boxes accordingly with arrows representing electrons. Always remember to follow Hund's rule.

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}\)

This electron configuration has 2 electrons in the 1s orbital, 2 in the 2s orbital, 6 in the 2p orbitals, 2 in the 3s orbital, 6 in the 3p orbitals, 2 in the 4s orbital, and 7 in the 3d orbitals. Use the box and arrow method as before. One box is used for 1s, one for 2s, three for 2p, one for 3s, three for 3p, one for 4s, and five for 3d (as there are five 3d orbitals: 3dx²-y², 3dxy, 3dxz, 3dyz, 3dz²). Assign the electrons to the boxes and maintain the order of filling. Consult the periodic table if you're unsure about the order.

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Draw orbital diagrams for atoms with the following electron configurations: (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\) (b) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3}\) (c) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}\)

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{5}\)

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{3}\)

Orbital Diagram of \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{6} 4 s^{2} 3 d^{7}\)

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