Write the formulas and names of the hydrides of the following second-period elements: \(\mathrm{Li}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{N}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{F}\) Predict their reactions with water.

First of all, identify these elements - lithium (Li), carbon(C), nitrogen (N), oxygen(O), and fluorine (F). Their respective hydrides are: lithium hydride (\(\mathrm{LiH}\)), methane (\(\mathrm{CH4}\)), ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH3}\)), water (\(\mathrm{H2O}\)), and hydrogen fluoride (\(\mathrm{HF}\)).

Lithium hydride reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide (alkaline). The reaction is: \(\mathrm{LiH} + \mathrm{H2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{LiOH} + \mathrm{H2}\) \n Methane has limited reaction with water. In the presence of a catalyst, it can react with steam to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas, represented by \(\mathrm{CH4} + \mathrm{H2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO2}+ 3\mathrm{H2}\). But as noted this only under high temperature and pressure and the presence of a catalyst. Under room temperature with water, there's essentially no reaction. \n Ammonia will react with water to form ammonium ion and hydroxide ion, a weakly basic solution. So: \(\mathrm{NH3} + \mathrm{H2O} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{NH4+} + \mathrm{OH^-}\) \n Water, of course, will not react with itself under room conditions. \n Hydrogen fluoride will readily dissolve in water to give a solution of hydrofluoric acid, which is strongly acidic. \(\mathrm{HF} + \mathrm{H2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{H3O+} + \mathrm{F^-}\)