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Chapter 8: Problem 119

Most transition metal ions are colored. For example, a solution of \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) is blue. How would you show that the blue color is due to the hydrated \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions and not the \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The color test shows that the blue color of \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) solution is due to the \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions. This is because a solution of another compound containing \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions but not \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions, such as \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\), is colorless.

Step by step solution

01

Identify a Similar Compound

Identify a compound containing \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions but not \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions. For instance, \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\) could be a good example, as it contains \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions but includes \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) instead of \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\).
02

Test the Solution of the Similar Compound

Dissolve the chosen compound, in this case \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\), in water and observe the color of the solution. If the \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions were contributing to color, this solution would also be colored.
03

Compare the colors

Compare the color of the \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\) solution with the color of the \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\) solution. If the \(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\) solution is colorless, that indicates the \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ions are not responsible for the blue color in \(\mathrm{CuSO}_{4}\), implying it's the \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) ions that cause it.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict the products of the following oxides with water: \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{BaO}, \mathrm{CO}_{2}, \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}, \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}, \mathrm{SO}_{3} .\) Write an equation for each of the reactions. Specify whether the oxides are acidic, basic, or amphoteric.

To prevent the formation of oxides, peroxides, and superoxides, alkali metals are sometimes stored in an inert atmosphere. Which of the following gases should not be used for lithium: \(\mathrm{Ne}, \mathrm{Ar}, \mathrm{N}_{2}, \mathrm{Kr} ?\) Explain. (Hint: As mentioned in the chapter, Li and Mg exhibit a diagonal relationship. Compare the common compounds of these two elements.)

List all the common ions of representative elements and transition metals that are isoelectronic with Ar.

Define ionization energy. Ionization energy measurements are usually made when atoms are in the gaseous state. Why? Why is the second ionization energy always greater than the first ionization energy for any element?

Based on knowledge of the electronic configuration of titanium, state which of the following compounds of titanium is unlikely to exist: \(\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{TiF}_{6}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{Ti}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) \(\mathrm{TiCl}_{3}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{TiO}_{4}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{TiF}_{6}\)
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