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Chapter 8: Problem 128

Predict the atomic number and ground-state electron configuration of the next member of the alkali metals after francium.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The atomic number of the next alkali metal after francium is 101 and the ground-state electron configuration is \(8s^1\).

Step by step solution

01

Find the Atomic Number of Francium

First, locate francium on the periodic table. The atomic number of francium (Fr) is 87, which can be found above the element symbol on the periodic table.
02

Determine the Atomic Number of the Next Alkali Metal

The next alkali metal will be the next element which is directly below it in the same group. This means that the atomic number will be 87 plus the total number of elements in the period. Since there are 2 elements in each period, and the periods are arranged in order from 1 to 7, the atomic number of the next alkali metal will be \(87 + 2 \times 7 = 101\).
03

Determine the Electron Configuration

The electron configuration can be determined by filling the electron shells or energy levels in the atom according to the Aufbau principle. This rule states that the lowest energy levels are filled first, then the higher energy levels. The electron configuration for the alkali metals is represented as \(ns^1\) where 'n' represents the period number. Thus the next member of the alkali metals which located in the 8th period will have the ground-state electron configuration of \(8s^1\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Both \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) and He contain two \(1 s\) electrons. Which species is larger? Explain your choice.

In which of the following are the species written in decreasing order by size of radius? (a) Be, Mg, Ba; (b) \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}, \mathrm{O}^{2-}, \mathrm{F}^{-} ;(\mathrm{c}) \mathrm{Tl}^{3+}, \mathrm{Tl}^{2+}, \mathrm{Tl}^{+}\)

The ionization energies of sodium (in \(\mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) ), starting with the first and ending with the eleventh, are 495.9,4560,6900,9540,13,400,16,600,20,120 \(25,490,28,930,141,360,170,000 .\) Plot the \(\log\) of ionization energy ( \(y\) axis) versus the number of ionization \((x\) axis \() ;\) for example, log 495.9 is plotted versus 1 (labeled \(I E_{1}\), the first ionization energy), \(\log 4560\) is plotted versus 2 (labeled \(I E_{2}\), the second ionization energy), and so on. (a) Label \(I E_{1}\) through \(I E_{11}\) with the electrons in orbitals such as \(1 s, 2 s, 2 p\) and \(3 s .\) (b) What can you deduce about electron shells from the breaks in the curve?

To prevent the formation of oxides, peroxides, and superoxides, alkali metals are sometimes stored in an inert atmosphere. Which of the following gases should not be used for lithium: \(\mathrm{Ne}, \mathrm{Ar}, \mathrm{N}_{2}, \mathrm{Kr} ?\) Explain. (Hint: As mentioned in the chapter, Li and Mg exhibit a diagonal relationship. Compare the common compounds of these two elements.)

(a) The formula of the simplest hydrocarbon is \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) (methane). Predict the formulas of the simplest compounds formed between hydrogen and the following elements: silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. (b) Sodium hydride (NaH) is an ionic compound. Would you expect rubidium hydride (RbH) to be more or less ionic than NaH? (c) Predict the reaction between radium (Ra) and water. (d) When exposed to air, aluminum forms a tenacious oxide \(\left(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\) coating that protects the metal from corrosion. Which metal in Group 2 A would you expect to exhibit similar properties? Why?
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