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Chapter 8: Problem 23

Without referring to a periodic table, write the electron configuration of elements with the following atomic numbers: (a) 9 , (b) 20 , (c) 26 (d) 33 . Classify the elements.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configurations are Fluorine: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^5\) (representative), Calcium: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2\) (representative), Iron: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6\) (transition metal), and Arsenic: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3\) (representative).

Step by step solution

01

Write Electron Configuration of Element with Atomic Number 9

To write the electron configuration of an element with atomic number 9 (which corresponds to fluorine), follow the order of filling of electrons in the energy levels and sublevels: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, and so on. With 9 electrons in fluorine, the electron configuration becomes : \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^5\). The valence (outermost) electron configuration for fluorine is thus \(2s^2 2p^5\).
02

Write Electron Configuration of Element with Atomic Number 20

Repeat the electron filling process for an element with atomic number 20 (which corresponds to calcium) to get: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2\). The valence electron configuration for calcium is thus \(4s^2\).
03

Write Electron Configuration of Element with Atomic Number 26

Next, for an element with atomic number 26 (which corresponds to iron), fill the electron configuration as: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6\). The valence electron configuration for iron is consequently \(4s^2 3d^6\).
04

Write Electron Configuration of Element with Atomic Number 33

The final element, with atomic number 33 (which corresponds to arsenic), has an electron configuration of: \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3\). The valence electron configuration for arsenic becomes \(4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3\).
05

Classify the Elements

Each of the elements can be classified into groups based on their valence electron configuration. Fluorine with an outer electron configuration of \(2s^2 2p^5\) is a representative element. Calcium with \(4s^2\) is a representative element. Iron having \(4s^2 3d^6\) is a transition metal. Lastly, arsenic with \(4s^2 3d^{10} 4p^3\) is a representative element too.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each pair of elements listed, give three properties that show their chemical similarity: (a) sodium and potassium, (b) chlorine and bromine.

Use the second period of the periodic table as an example to show that the size of atoms decreases as we move from left to right. Explain the trend.

Write an account on the importance of the periodic table. Pay particular attention to the significance of the position of an element in the table and how the position relates to the chemical and physical properties of the element.

Explain why the electron affinity of nitrogen is approximately zero, while the elements on either side, carbon and oxygen, have substantial positive electron affinities.

Based on knowledge of the electronic configuration of titanium, state which of the following compounds of titanium is unlikely to exist: \(\mathrm{K}_{3} \mathrm{TiF}_{6}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{Ti}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) \(\mathrm{TiCl}_{3}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{TiO}_{4}, \mathrm{~K}_{2} \mathrm{TiF}_{6}\)
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