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Chapter 8: Problem 47

Give the physical states (gas, liquid, or solid) of the representative elements in the fourth period \((\mathrm{K}, \mathrm{Ca},\) \(\mathrm{Ga}, \mathrm{Ge}, \mathrm{As}, \mathrm{Se}, \mathrm{Br})\) at \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the representative elements in the fourth period \( K, Ca, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br \) exist in the following states: K (solid), Ca (solid), Ga (solid), Ge (solid), As (solid), Se (solid), Br (liquid).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Elements

The elements are given as \( K, Ca, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br \). Each of these elements is in the fourth period of the periodic table.
02

Determine the Physical State of K

Potassium, represented as \( K \), is a metal. At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it exists in a solid state.
03

Determine the Physical State of Ca

Calcium, represented as \( Ca \), is also a metal. At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it exists in solid state.
04

Determine the Physical State of Ga

Gallium, represented as \( Ga \), is a metal. However, gallium is unusual because it melts just above room temperature at \(29.76^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Since the listed conditions are slightly below the melting point, Gallium exists as a solid under these conditions.
05

Determine the Physical State of Ge

Germanium, represented as \( Ge \), is a metalloid. At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it exists in a solid state.
06

Determine the Physical State of As

Arsenic, represented as \( As \), is a metalloid. At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it is solid.
07

Determine the Physical State of Se

Selenium, represented as \( Se \), is a nonmetal. At 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it is solid.
08

Determine the Physical State of Br

Bromine, represented as \( Br \), is a nonmetal. It is unique among the elements under discussion, as at 1 atm and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), it is a liquid.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two atoms have the electron configurations \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6}\) and \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{1} .\) The first ionization energy of one is \(2080 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\), and that of the other is \(496 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol} .\) Match each ionization energy with one of the given electron configurations. Justify your choice.

How do the chemical properties of oxides change from left to right across a period? From top to bottom within a particular group?

Explain which of the following anions is larger, and why: \(\mathrm{Se}^{2-}\) or \(\mathrm{Te}^{2-}\)

Use the third period of the periodic table as an example to illustrate the change in first ionization energies of the elements as we move from left to right. Explain the trend.

Write an account on the importance of the periodic table. Pay particular attention to the significance of the position of an element in the table and how the position relates to the chemical and physical properties of the element.
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