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Chapter 8: Problem 92

The \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) ion and the \(\mathrm{He}\) atom have two \(1 s\) electrons each. Which of the two species is larger? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Hydride ion (H-) is larger than the Helium (He) atom. This is due to the lesser nuclear charge in H-, which holds the two 1s electrons less tightly compared to He.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding atomic configuration

Both Helium (He) and the Hydride Ion (H-) have two 1s electrons. Helium has two protons in its nucleus, and two electrons surrounding it. In comparison, the hydride ion has only one proton with two electrons.
02

Effect of nuclear charge on electron cloud

In the Helium atom, the two protons present in the nucleus exert a stronger attractive force on the electrons. This pulls the electrons closer, resulting in a smaller atomic radius. On the other hand, in the hydride ion (H-), there is only one proton to attract and hold the two electrons. Hence, the electrons are held less tightly around the nucleus and the atomic size becomes larger.
03

Conclusion

Therefore, the Hydride ion (H-) is larger than the Helium (He) atom because of the lesser nuclear charge attracting the two 1s electrons.

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