Chapter 10: Problem 32

Give the structural formulae of first four homologues of alkanes and alkenes.

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Understand Alkanes and Alkenes

Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms (C) and are saturated. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with one double bond between two carbon atoms and are unsaturated. Their general formula is CnH2n.

First Homologue of Alkanes

For the first homologue, n=1. Using the general formula for alkanes, CnH2n+2, we get the molecular formula C1H4, which is methane (CH4). The structural formula is: H | C | H

Second Homologue of Alkanes

For the second homologue, n=2. Using the general formula for alkanes, CnH2n+2, we get the molecular formula C2H6, which is ethane (C2H6). The structural formula is: H H | | C-C | | H H

Third Homologue of Alkanes

For the third homologue, n=3. Using the general formula for alkanes, CnH2n+2, we get the molecular formula C3H8, which is propane (C3H8). The structural formula is: H H H | | | C-C-C | | | H H H

Fourth Homologue of Alkanes

For the fourth homologue, n=4. Using the general formula for alkanes, CnH2n+2, we get the molecular formula C4H10, which is butane (C4H10). The structural formula is: H H H H | | | | C-C-C-C | | | | H H H H

First Homologue of Alkenes

For the first homologue, n=2. Using the general formula for alkenes, CnH2n, we get the molecular formula C2H4, which is ethene (C2H4). The structural formula is: H H | | C=C | | H H

Second Homologue of Alkenes

For the second homologue, n=3. Using the general formula for alkenes, CnH2n, we get the molecular formula C3H6, which is propene (C3H6). The structural formula is: H H H | | | C=C-C | | | H H H

Third Homologue of Alkenes

For the third homologue, n=4. Using the general formula for alkenes, CnH2n, we get the molecular formula C4H8, which is butene (C4H8). The structural formula is: H H H H | | | | C=C-C-C | | | | H H H H

Fourth Homologue of Alkenes

For the fourth homologue, n=5. Using the general formula for alkenes, CnH2n, we get the molecular formula C5H10, which is pentene (C5H10). The structural formula is: H H H H H | | | | | C=C-C-C-C | | | | | H H H H H

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Give the structural formulae of first four homologues of alkanes and alkenes.

Short Answer

Step by step solution

Understand Alkanes and Alkenes

First Homologue of Alkanes

Second Homologue of Alkanes

Third Homologue of Alkanes

Fourth Homologue of Alkanes

First Homologue of Alkenes

Second Homologue of Alkenes

Third Homologue of Alkenes

Fourth Homologue of Alkenes

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