Mention any four applications of \(\mathrm{pH}\).

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance and ranges from 0 to 14. Four applications of pH include: 1. Agriculture: Monitoring and adjusting soil pH is crucial for optimal plant growth. Fertilizers and soil amendments can be used to create ideal growing environments for various plants. 2. Water Treatment: Maintaining the appropriate pH in water treatment plants is essential for ensuring effective treatment processes and safe drinking water. It can enhance coagulation and flocculation, as well as prevent corrosion or mineral build-up in pipes. 3. Medicine and Healthcare: pH plays an important role in medical diagnostics and treatments, such as monitoring blood pH to identify and treat diseases or imbalances. Some medications are pH sensitive, and their efficacy depends on the pH of the target region in the body. 4. Food Science: The pH of food products affects their taste, shelf life, and safety. Controlling pH is important in the production of various food items, such as cheese, canned food, wine, and beer. Food regulations often require the measurement of pH to ensure product quality and safety.