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Chapter 1: Problem 28

Give four examples illustrating each of the following terms. a. homogeneous mixture d. element b. heterogeneous mixture e. physical change c. compound f. chemical change

Short Answer

Expert verified
Homogeneous Mixture: 1) sugar dissolved in water, 2) air, 3) brass, 4) vodka. Heterogeneous Mixture: 1) oil and water, 2) chocolate chip cookies, 3) granite, 4) cereal with milk. Element: 1) Hydrogen (H), 2) Carbon (C), 3) Gold (Au), 4) Oxygen (O). Compound: 1) Water (H2O), 2) Carbon dioxide (CO2), 3) Sodium chloride (NaCl), 4) Methane (CH4). Physical Change: 1) Melting ice, 2) Cutting paper, 3) Dissolving salt in water, 4) Boiling water. Chemical Change: 1) Burning wood, 2) Rusting iron, 3) Cooking an egg, 4) Mixing baking soda and vinegar.

Step by step solution

01

Homogeneous Mixture

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are evenly distributed throughout and have a uniform composition. Here are four examples: 1. A solution of sugar dissolved in water. 2. Air - it is a mixture of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. 3. Brass - a mixture of copper and zinc. 4. Vodka - a mixture of water and ethanol.
02

Heterogeneous Mixture

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the components are not evenly distributed and have distinct phases or regions with different compositions. Here are four examples: 1. Oil and water - they do not mix and form separate layers. 2. Chocolate chip cookies - they have distinct parts like the dough and chocolate chips. 3. Granite - it is a mixture of different minerals like quartz, feldspar, mica, etc. 4. A bowl of cereal with milk - the cereal and milk are in separate layers and do not mix uniformly.
03

Element

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. Here are four examples: 1. Hydrogen (H) - the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. 2. Carbon (C) - a common element found in all known life forms and in various forms like diamond, graphite, etc. 3. Gold (Au) - a precious metal often used in jewelry and electronics. 4. Oxygen (O) - an essential element for respiration, and a major component of air.
04

Compound

A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together. Here are four examples: 1. Water (H2O) - two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) - one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. 3. Sodium chloride (NaCl) - a common salt, made up of one sodium atom bonded to one chlorine atom. 4. Methane (CH4) - one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, found in natural gas.
05

Physical Change

A physical change is a change in which the substance's physical properties, like size, shape, or phase, change without altering its chemical composition. Here are four examples: 1. Melting ice - ice turns into water without any change in its chemical composition (H2O). 2. Cutting a piece of paper - the size and shape change, but the composition (cellulose) remains the same. 3. Dissolving salt in water - no new substances are formed, and the salt can be recovered by evaporating the water. 4. Boiling water - water turns into steam without any change in its chemical composition (H2O).
06

Chemical Change

A chemical change is a change in which a substance's chemical composition is altered, usually through a chemical reaction, forming new products. Here are four examples: 1. Burning wood - wood reacts with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide and water. 2. Rusting iron - iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust). 3. Cooking an egg - proteins in the egg undergo chemical changes resulting in a change of texture and color. 4. Mixing baking soda and vinegar - they react to form carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use exponential notation to express the number 385,500 to a. one significant figure. b. two significant figures. c. three significant figures. d. five significant figures.

You go to a convenience store to buy candy and find the owner to be rather odd. He allows you to buy pieces in multiples of four, and to buy four, you need \(\$ 0.23 .\) He only allows you to do this by using 3 pennies and 2 dimes. You have a bunch of pennies and dimes, and instead of counting them, you decide to weigh them. You have \(636.3 \mathrm{~g}\) of pennies, and each penny weighs \(3.03 \mathrm{~g}\). Each dime weighs \(2.29 \mathrm{~g}\). Each piece of candy weighs \(10.23 \mathrm{~g}\). a. How many pennies do you have? b. How many dimes do you need to buy as much candy as possible? c. How much should all these dimes weigh? d. How many pieces of candy could you buy? (number of dimes from part b) e. How much would this candy weigh? f. How many pieces of candy could you buy with twice as many dimes?

When a marble is dropped into a beaker of water, it sinks to the bottom. Which of the following is the best explanation? a. The surface area of the marble is not large enough to be held up by the surface tension of the water. b. The mass of the marble is greater than that of the water. c. The marble weighs more than an equivalent volume of the water. d. The force from dropping the marble breaks the surface tension of the water. e. The marble has greater mass and volume than the water. Justify your choice, and for choices you did not pick, explain what is wrong about them.

How many significant figures are in each of the following? a. 100 e. \(0.0048\) b. \(1.0 \times 10^{2}\) f. \(0.00480\) c. \(1.00 \times 10^{3}\) g. \(4.80 \times 10^{-3}\) d. 100 . h. \(4.800 \times 10^{-3}\)

Perform the following mathematical operations, and express each result to the correct number of significant figures. a. \(\frac{0.102 \times 0.0821 \times 273}{1.01}\) b. \(0.14 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23}\) c. \(4.0 \times 10^{4} \times 5.021 \times 10^{-3} \times 7.34993 \times 10^{2}\) d. \(\frac{2.00 \times 10^{6}}{3.00 \times 10^{-7}}\)
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