A substance, \(X\), has the following properties: Sketch a heating curve for substance \(\mathrm{X}\) starting at \(-50 .{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The heating curve of substance X can be sketched as follows: 1. Start with a sloping line from the initial temperature of \(-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (solid phase) to the melting point at \(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). 2. Draw a horizontal line at the melting point temperature (\(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)) representing the phase change from solid to liquid. 3. Continue with a sloping line representing the temperature increase of the liquid phase until the boiling point at \(84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). 4. Draw a horizontal line at the boiling point temperature (\(84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)) representing the phase change from liquid to gas. 5. Label the starting temperature (\(-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)) and the melting and boiling points (\(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), respectively) on the y-axis.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the starting phase of the substance

First, we should determine the initial phase of the substance at the starting temperature of \(-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Since the temperature is below the melting point of substance X (\(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)), the substance must be in the solid phase at the beginning.
02

Sketching the initial heating phase

Next, we need to sketch the initial heating phase. Since the substance starts at a temperature of \(-50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and it is in the solid phase, we draw a sloping line representing the increase in temperature of the solid substance until the temperature reaches the melting point at \(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
03

Sketching the melting phase

Once the temperature reaches the melting point (\(16^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)), the substance will start to change its phase from solid to liquid. During this phase change, the temperature remains constant until the entire substance transitions to the liquid phase. We sketch this by drawing a horizontal line at the melting point temperature on the heating curve.
04

Sketching the liquid phase heating

After the solid substance has entirely melted, it will continue to heat up in the liquid phase. This will be a sloping line on the heating curve, representing the increase in temperature of the liquid substance until it reaches the boiling point at \(84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
05

Sketching the boiling phase

Once the temperature reaches the boiling point (\(84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)), the substance will start to change its phase from liquid to gas. Similar to the melting phase, during the boiling phase, the temperature remains constant until the entire substance transitions to the gaseous phase. We sketch this by drawing a horizontal line at the boiling point temperature on the heating curve.
06

Indicate starting and critical temperatures on the curve

Finally, we should label the initial temperature of \(-50^{\circ}C\) on the y-axis at the starting point of the heating curve. Also, label the y-axis with the melting and boiling points of the substance at \(16^{\circ}C\) and \(84^{\circ}C\), respectively. Following these steps, you will have successfully sketched the heating curve of substance X.

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