Chapter 18: Problem 22
How can one construct a galvanic cell from two substances, each having a negative standard reduction potential?
Chapter 18: Problem 22
How can one construct a galvanic cell from two substances, each having a negative standard reduction potential?
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A disproportionation reaction involves a substance that acts as both an oxidizing and a reducing agent, producing higher and lower oxidation states of the same element in the products. Which of the following disproportionation reactions are spontaneous under standard conditions? Calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) and \(K\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) for those reactions that are spontaneous under standard conditions. a. \(2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s)\) b. \(3 \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(a q)+\mathrm{Fe}(s)\) c. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{HClO}(a q) \quad\) (unbalanced) Use the half-reactions: \(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}+3 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HClO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad \mathscr{E}^{\circ}=1.21 \mathrm{~V}\) \(\mathrm{HClO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 \mathrm{e}^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{HClO}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad \mathscr{E}^{\circ}=1.65 \mathrm{~V}\)
Which of the following is the best reducing agent: \(\mathrm{F}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{Na}\), \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}, \mathrm{F}^{-}\) ? Explain. Order as many of these species as possible from the best to the worst oxidizing agent. Why can't you order all of them? From Table \(18.1\) choose the species that is the best oxidizing agent. Choose the best reducing agent. Explain.
Look up the reduction potential for \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) to \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\). Look up the reduction potential for \(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\) to Fe. Finally, look up the reduction potential for \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) to Fe. You should notice that adding the reduction potentials for the first two does not give the potential for the third. Why not? Show how you can use the first two potentials to calculate the third potential.
Is the following statement true or false? Concentration cells work because standard reduction potentials are dependent on concentration. Explain.
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