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Chapter 2: Problem 52

What number of protons and neutrons are contained in the nucleus of each of the following atoms? Assuming each atom is uncharged, what number of electrons are present? a. \({ }_{12}^{235} \mathrm{U}\) d. \(\frac{200}{82} \mathrm{~Pb}\) b. \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C} \quad\) e. \(\frac{86}{37} \mathrm{Rb}\) c. \({ }_{20}^{5} \mathrm{Fe}\) f. \({ }_{20} \mathrm{Ca}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
For the given atoms: a. \({ }_{12}^{235} \mathrm{U}\): 12 protons, 223 neutrons, and 12 electrons. b. \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}\): 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons. c. \({ }_{20}^{5} \mathrm{Fe}\): 5 protons, 15 neutrons, and 5 electrons (assuming a typo). d. \(\frac{200}{82} \mathrm{~Pb}\): 82 protons, 118 neutrons, and 82 electrons. e. \(\frac{86}{37} \mathrm{Rb}\): 37 protons, 49 neutrons, and 37 electrons. f. \({ }_{20} \mathrm{Ca}\): 20 protons, unknown number of neutrons, and 20 electrons.

Step by step solution

01

Atom a: \({ }_{12}^{235} \mathrm{U}\)

In this atom, we are given the atomic symbol U (uranium), its atomic number (protons) Z = 12, and mass number (protons + neutrons) A = 235. To find the number of neutrons, we use: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 235 - 12 = 223. Since this atom is uncharged, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, which is 12. So the atom has 12 protons, 223 neutrons, and 12 electrons.
02

Atom b: \({ }_{6}^{13} \mathrm{C}\)

In this atom, we have the symbol C (carbon), atomic number (protons) Z = 6, and mass number (protons + neutrons) A = 13. The number of neutrons is: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 13 - 6 = 7. The number of electrons in an uncharged atom is equal to the number of protons, which is 6. So the atom has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons.
03

Atom c: \({ }_{20}^{5} \mathrm{Fe}\)

In this atom, we have the symbol Fe (iron), atomic number (protons) Z = 20, and mass number (protons + neutrons) A = 5. This notation is problematic because the mass number should always be greater than or equal to the atomic number. Let's switch A and Z as it might be a typo: \(_{5}^{20} \mathrm{Fe}\). Now we have atomic number Z = 5 and mass number A = 20. Number of neutrons = A - Z = 20 - 5 = 15. The number of electrons in an uncharged atom is equal to the number of protons, which is 5. So the atom has 5 protons, 15 neutrons, and 5 electrons.
04

Atom d: \(\frac{200}{82} \mathrm{~Pb}\)

The notation here is slightly different, but we can recognize Pb (lead) as the atomic symbol, and the atomic number (protons) Z = 82, the mass number (protons + neutrons) A = 200. The number of neutrons is: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 200 - 82 = 118. The number of electrons in an uncharged atom is equal to the number of protons, which is 82. So the atom has 82 protons, 118 neutrons, and 82 electrons.
05

Atom e: \(\frac{86}{37} \mathrm{Rb}\)

In this atom, we have the symbol Rb (rubidium), atomic number (protons) Z = 37, and mass number (protons + neutrons) A = 86. The number of neutrons is: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 86 - 37 = 49. The number of electrons in an uncharged atom is equal to the number of protons, which is 37. So the atom has 37 protons, 49 neutrons, and 37 electrons.
06

Atom f: \({ }_{20} \mathrm{Ca}\)

In this atom, the mass number is not provided. We only have the symbol Ca (calcium) along with the atomic number (protons) Z = 20. As we lack information about the mass number, we cannot determine the number of neutrons. We can only determine the number of protons and electrons since it is uncharged. Therefore, the atom has 20 protons and 20 electrons. The number of neutrons cannot be determined with the given information.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which (if any) of the following can be determined by knowing the number of protons in a neutral element? Explain your answer. a. the number of neutrons in the neutral element. b. the number of electrons in the neutral element. c. the name of the element.

The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. What does the number and arrangement of the electrons in an atom determine? What does the number of neutrons in an atom determine?

List some characteristic properties that distinguish the metallic elements from the nonmetallic elements.

If the volume of a proton is similar to the volume of an electron, how will the densities of these two particles compare to each other?

In a reaction, \(34.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of chromium(III) oxide reacts with \(12.1 \mathrm{~g}\) of aluminum to produce chromium and aluminum oxide. If \(23.3 \mathrm{~g}\) of chromium is produced, what mass of aluminum oxide is produced?
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