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Chapter 2: Problem 56

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms or ions? a. \({ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}\) b. \({ }_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) c. \({ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}^{2+}\) d. \({ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}^{3+}\) e. \({ }_{27}^{59} \mathrm{Co}\) f. \({ }_{34}^{74} \mathrm{Se}\) g. \({ }_{34} \mathrm{Se}^{2}\). h. \(\frac{63}{28} \mathrm{Ni}\) i. \(\frac{59}{28} \mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons b. 12 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons c. 27 protons, 32 neutrons, 25 electrons d. 27 protons, 32 neutrons, 24 electrons e. 27 protons, 32 neutrons, 27 electrons f. 34 protons, 40 neutrons, 34 electrons g. Invalid input (missing mass number) h. 28 protons, 35 neutrons, 28 electrons i. 28 protons, 31 neutrons, 26 electrons

Step by step solution

01

a. \({ }_{12}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}\)

Z = 12 (from the atomic symbol). So, there are 12 protons. A = 24. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 24 - 12 = 12 neutrons. Since it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, which is 12 electrons.
02

b. \({ }_{12}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\)

Z = 12. So, there are 12 protons. A = 24. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 24 - 12 = 12 neutrons. Since it is a 2+ ion, it has lost 2 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons is 12 - 2 = 10 electrons.
03

c. \({ }_{27}^{59}\mathrm{Co}^{2+}\)

Z = 27. So, there are 27 protons. A = 59. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 59 - 27 = 32 neutrons. Since it is a 2+ ion, it has lost 2 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons is 27 - 2 = 25 electrons.
04

d. \({ }_{27}^{59}\mathrm{Co}^{3+}\)

Z = 27. So, there are 27 protons. A = 59. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 59 - 27 = 32 neutrons. Since it is a 3+ ion, it has lost 3 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons is 27 - 3 = 24 electrons.
05

e. \({ }_{27}^{59}\mathrm{Co}\)

Z = 27. So, there are 27 protons. A = 59. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 59 - 27 = 32 neutrons. As it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, which is 27 electrons.
06

f. \({ }_{34}^{74}\mathrm{Se}\)

Z = 34. So, there are 34 protons. A = 74. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 74 - 34 = 40 neutrons. As it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, which is 34 electrons.
07

g. \({ }_{34}\mathrm{Se}^{2}\)

The given symbol is missing the mass number. We are not able to find the number of neutrons without it.
08

h. \(\frac{63}{28}\mathrm{Ni}\)

Z = 28. So, there are 28 protons. A = 63. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 63 - 28 = 35 neutrons. As it is a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, which is 28 electrons.
09

i. \(\frac{59}{28}\mathrm{Ni}^{2+}\)

Z = 28. So, there are 28 protons. A = 59. So, the number of neutrons is A - Z = 59 - 28 = 31 neutrons. Since it is a 2+ ion, it has lost 2 electrons. Therefore, the number of electrons is 28 - 2 = 26 electrons.

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