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Chapter 22: Problem 19

Draw the structural formula for each of the following. a. 3 -isobutylhexane b. \(2,2,4\) -trimethylpentane, also called isooctane. This substance is the reference ( 100 level) for octane ratings. c. 2 -tert-butylpentane d. The names given in parts a and \(\mathrm{c}\) are incorrect. Give the correct names for these hydrocarbons.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The corrected names and structural formulas for the given hydrocarbons are: a. 3-methylheptane: \(CH_3 - CH_2 - CH(CH_3) - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_3\) b. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane): \(CH_3 - C(CH_3)_2 - CH_2 - CH(CH_3) - CH_3\) c. 3-tert-butylpentane: \(CH_3 - CH_2 - C(CH_3)_3 - CH_2 - CH_3\)

Step by step solution

01

Drawing the structural formula for 3-isobutylhexane (incorrect name)

The given name is not accurate as per standard naming conventions, so we will correct the name first. The correct name for this hydrocarbon is 3-methylheptane. Now, let's draw its structural formula. 1. Draw a heptane chain, which has 7 carbon atoms in a straight chain. 2. Add a methyl group (CH3) on the 3rd carbon atom. Here is the structural formula for 3-methylheptane: \(CH_3 - CH_2 - CH(CH_3) - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_3\)
02

Drawing the structural formula for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

This hydrocarbon is also known as isooctane. To draw its structural formula: 1. Draw a pentane chain, which has 5 carbon atoms in a straight chain. 2. Add a methyl group (CH3) to each of the 2nd and 4th carbon atoms. 3. Add another methyl group (CH3) to the 2nd carbon atom. Here is the structural formula for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane): \(CH_3 - C(CH_3)_2 - CH_2 - CH(CH_3) - CH_3\)
03

Drawing the structural formula for 2-tert-butylpentane (incorrect name)

The given name is not accurate according to standard naming conventions, so we will correct the name first. The correct name for this hydrocarbon is 3-tert-butylpentane. Now, let's draw its structural formula. 1. Draw a pentane chain, which has 5 carbon atoms in a straight chain. 2. Add a tert-butyl group (C(CH3)3) to the 3rd carbon atom. Here is the structural formula for 3-tert-butylpentane: \(CH_3 - CH_2 - C(CH_3)_3 - CH_2 - CH_3\)
04

Correcting the names of hydrocarbons

As we have identified earlier, the incorrect hydrocarbon names given in the exercise are: a. 3-isobutylhexane - The correct name is 3-methylheptane. c. 2-tert-butylpentane - The correct name is 3-tert-butylpentane. These corrected names have been used in their respective structural formula drawings.

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