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Chapter 22: Problem 8

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. a. alkane b. monohalogenated alkane c. dihalogenated alkane d. tetrahalogenated alkane e. monohalogenated benzene f. alkene

Short Answer

Expert verified
Example reactions: a. Alkane: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] (Reactant: Ethene; Product: Ethane) b. Monohalogenated alkane: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Methane; Product: Chloromethane) c. Dihalogenated alkane: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] (Reactant: Chloromethane; Product: Dichloromethane) d. Tetrahalogenated alkane: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] (Reactant: Trichloromethane; Product: Tetrachloromethane) e. Monohalogenated benzene: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] (Reactant: Benzene; Product: Chlorobenzene) f. Alkene: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] (Reactant: Ethanol; Product: Ethene)

Step by step solution

01

Example reaction yielding an alkane

A reaction that yields an alkane is the hydrogenation of an alkene. An example is the hydrogenation of ethene (C2H4) to form ethane (C2H6). Reaction: \[C2H4 + H2 \rightarrow C2H6\] Reactant: Ethene Product: Ethane
02

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of an alkane. An example is the chlorination of methane (CH4) to form chloromethane (CH3Cl). Reaction: \[CH4 + Cl2 \rightarrow CH3Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Methane Product: Chloromethane
03

Example reaction yielding a dihalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a dihalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a monohalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of chloromethane (CH3Cl) to form dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Reaction: \[CH3Cl + Cl2 \rightarrow CH2Cl2 + HCl\] Reactant: Chloromethane Product: Dichloromethane
04

Example reaction yielding a tetrahalogenated alkane

A reaction that yields a tetrahalogenated alkane is the free radical halogenation of a trihalogenated alkane. An example is the chlorination of trichloromethane (CHCl3) to form tetrachloromethane (CCl4). Reaction: \[CHCl3 + Cl2 \rightarrow CCl4 + HCl\] Reactant: Trichloromethane Product: Tetrachloromethane
05

Example reaction yielding a monohalogenated benzene

A reaction that yields a monohalogenated benzene is the electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene. An example is the chlorination of benzene (C6H6) to form chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl). Reaction: \[C6H6 + Cl2 \rightarrow C6H5Cl + HCl\] Reactant: Benzene Product: Chlorobenzene
06

Example reaction yielding an alkene

A reaction that yields an alkene is the dehydration of an alcohol. An example is the dehydration of ethanol (C2H5OH) to form ethene (C2H4). Reaction: \[C2H5OH \rightarrow C2H4 + H2O\] Reactant: Ethanol Product: Ethene

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Minoxidil \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{9} \mathrm{H}_{15} \mathrm{~N}_{5} \mathrm{O}\right)\) is a compound produced by Pharmacia Company that has been approved as a treatment of some types of male pattern baldness. a. Would minoxidil be more soluble in acidic or basic aqueous solution? Explain. b. Give the hybridization of the five nitrogen atoms in minoxidil. c. Give the hybridization of each of the nine carbon atoms in minoxidil. d. Give approximate values of the bond angles marked \(a, b, c\), \(d\), and \(e .\) e. Including all the hydrogen atoms, how many \(\sigma\) bonds exist in minoxidil? f. How many \(\pi\) bonds exist in minoxidil?

Choose one of the following terms to match the description given in statements (1)-(17). All of the following pertain to proteins or carbohydrates. a. aldohexose g. disaccharides \(\mathbf{m}\). ketohexoses b. saliva h. disulfide n. oxytocin c. cellulose i. globular o. pleated sheet d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) j. glycogen p. polypeptide e. cysteine \(\mathbf{k}\). glycoside linkage q. primary structure f. denaturation 1\. hydrophobic (1) polymer consisting of many amino acids (2) linkage that forms between two cysteine species (3) peptide hormone that triggers milk secretion (4) proteins with roughly spherical shape (5) sequence of amino acids in a protein (6) silk protein secondary structure (7) water-repelling amino acid side chain (8) amino acid responsible for permanent wave in hair (9) breakdown of a protein's tertiary and/or secondary structure (10) animal polymer of glucose (11) \(-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{C}-\) bond betwecn rings in disaccharide sugars (12) empirical formula leading to the name carbohydrate (13) where enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of glycoside linkages are found (14) six-carbon ketone sugars (15) structural component of plants, polymer of glucose (16) sugars consisting of two monomer units (17) six-carbon aldehyde sugars

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