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Chapter 22: Problem 82

Poly(lauryl methacrylate) is used as an additive in motor oils to counter the loss of viscosity at high temperature. The structure is The long hydrocarbon chain of poly(lauryl methacrylate) makes the polymer soluble in oil (a mixture of hydrocarbons with mostly 12 or more carbon atoms). At low temperatures the polymer is coiled into balls. At higher temperatures the balls uncoil and the polymer exists as long chains. Explain how this helps control the viscosity of oil.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Poly(lauryl methacrylate) helps control the viscosity of oil by changing its structure with temperature. At low temperatures, the polymer is coiled into balls with minimal interaction with oil molecules. At high temperatures, it uncoils into long chains that interact more with oil molecules, increasing viscosity and countering the natural loss of viscosity at high temperatures.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the properties of poly(lauryl methacrylate)

Poly(lauryl methacrylate) is a polymer with long hydrocarbon chains, making it soluble in oil, which consists mostly of hydrocarbons with 12 or more carbon atoms.
02

Observe the behavior at low temperatures

At low temperatures, the long chains of the polymer are coiled into balls, which have relatively less interaction with the surrounding oil molecules.
03

Observe the behavior at high temperatures

At high temperatures, the balls of the polymer uncoil, and the polymer exists as long chains. The long chains have greater interaction with the surrounding oil molecules, creating a more viscous environment.
04

Understand the effect on viscosity

When the temperature increases, the long chains of poly(lauryl methacrylate) uncoil and interact more with the surrounding oil molecules, which results in an increase in the overall viscosity. This increase in viscosity helps counter the natural loss of viscosity that occurs in motor oil at high temperatures.
05

Conclusion

Poly(lauryl methacrylate) helps control the viscosity of oil by changing its structure with temperature. At low temperatures, the polymer is coiled into balls and has minimal interaction with the oil molecules. However, at higher temperatures, the polymer uncoils into long chains, which interact more with the surrounding oil molecules, thereby increasing the overall viscosity and countering the natural loss of viscosity in motor oil at high temperatures.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give two examples of saturated hydrocarbons. How many other atoms are bonded to each carbon in a saturated hydrocarbon?

For each of the following, fill in the blank with the correct response. All of these fill-in-the-blank problems pertain to material covered in the sections on alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbon derivatives. a. The first "organic" compound to be synthesized in the laboratory, rather than being isolated from nature, was which was prepared from b. An organic compound whose carbon-carbon bonds are all single bonds is said to be c. The general orientation of the four pairs of electrons around the carbon atoms in alkanes is d. Alkanes in which the carbon atoms form a single unbranched chain are said to be alkanes. e. Structural isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same number of each type of atom but exhibit different arrangements of the between those atoms. f. The systematic names of all saturated hydrocarbons have the ending added to a root name that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. g. For a branched hydrocarbon, the root name for the hydrocarbon comes from the number of carbon atoms in the continuous chain in the molecule. h. The positions of substituents along the hydrocarbon framework of a molecule are indicated by the of the carbon atom to which the substituents are attached. i. The major use of alkanes has been in reactions, as a source of heat and light. j. With very reactive agents, such as the halogen elements, alkanes undergo \(\longrightarrow\) reactions, whereby a new atom replaces one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkane. k. Alkenes and alkynes are characterized by their ability to undergo rapid, complete reactions, by which other atoms attach themselves to the carbon atoms of the double or triple bond. 1\. Unsaturated fats may be converted to saturated fats by the process ofm. Benzene is the parent member of the group of hydrocarbons called \(\quad\) hydrocarbons. n. An atom or group of atoms that imparts new and characteristic properties to an organic molecule is called \(a\) group. 0\. \(\mathrm{A}\) alcohol is one in which there is only one hydrocarbon group attached to the carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group. p. The simplest alcohol, methanol, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of q. Ethanol is commonly prepared by the of certain sugars by yeast. r. Both aldehydes and ketones contain the they differ in where this group occurs along the hydrocarbon chain. s. Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by of the corresponding alcohol. t. Organic acids, which contain the group, are typically weak acids. u. The typically sweet-smelling compounds called result from the condensation reaction of an organic acid with an

If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen atom, the number of isomers that exist for the substituted compound depends on the number of types of hydrogen in the original hydrocarbon. Thus there is only one form of chloroethane (all hydrogens in ethane are equivalent), but there are two isomers of propane that arise from the substitution of a methyl hydrogen or a methylene hydrogen. How many isomers can be obtained when one hydrogen in each of the compounds named below is replaced by a chlorine atom? a. \(n\) -pentane c. 2,4 -dimethylpentane b. 2 -methylbutane d. methylcyclobutane

Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and product in each reaction. a. alkane b. monohalogenated alkane c. dihalogenated alkane d. tetrahalogenated alkane e. monohalogenated benzene f. alkene

In Section 22.6, three important classes of biologically important natural polymers are discussed. What are the three classes, what are the monomers used to form the polymers, and why are they biologically important?
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