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Chapter 3: Problem 78

The most common form of nylon (nylon-6) is \(63.68 \%\) carbon. \(12.38 \%\) nitrogen, \(9.80 \%\) hydrogen, and \(14.14 \%\) oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula for nylon-6.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The empirical formula for nylon-6 is \(C_6N H_{11}O\).

Step by step solution

01

Convert Percentages to Grams

If we assume that we have 100g of nylon-6, then the percentage of each element can be directly converted to grams. - Carbon: \(63.68 \% \times 100g = 63.68g\) - Nitrogen: \(12.38 \% \times 100g = 12.38g\) - Hydrogen: \(9.80 \% \times 100g = 9.80g\) - Oxygen: \(14.14 \% \times 100g = 14.14g\)
02

Convert Grams to Moles

We can now convert the mass of each element to moles using their respective atomic weight. - Carbon: \( \frac{63.68g}{12.01g/mol} = 5.31 mol\) - Nitrogen: \( \frac{12.38g}{14.01g/mol} = 0.88 mol\) - Hydrogen: \( \frac{9.80g}{1.01g/mol} = 9.70 mol\) - Oxygen: \( \frac{14.14g}{16.00g/mol} = 0.88 mol\)
03

Divide Each Moles by the Lowest Moles

To find the simplest whole number ratio, we will divide the moles of each element by the lowest moles we obtained in the previous step, which is 0.88 mol. - Carbon: \( \frac{5.31 mol}{0.88 mol} = 6.03 \approx 6\) - Nitrogen: \( \frac{0.88 mol}{0.88 mol} = 1 \) - Hydrogen: \( \frac{9.70 mol}{0.88 mol} = 11.02 \approx 11\) - Oxygen: \( \frac{0.88 mol}{0.88 mol} = 1 \)
04

Determine the Empirical Formula

Now that we have the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in nylon-6, we can write the empirical formula. Empirical Formula: \(C_6N H_{11}O\) So, the empirical formula for nylon-6 is \(C_6N H_{11}O\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Acrylonitrile \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}\right)\) is the starting material for many synthetic carpets and fabrics. It is produced by the following reaction. \(2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}(g)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) If \(15.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}, 10.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), and \(5.00 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{NH}_{3}\) are reacted, what mass of acrylonitrile can be produced, assuming \(100 \%\) yield?

With the advent of techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy, it is now possible to "write" with individual atoms by manipulating and arranging atoms on an atomic surface. a. If an image is prepared by manipulating iron atoms and their total mass is \(1.05 \times 10^{-20} \mathrm{~g}\), what number of iron atoms were used? b. If the image is prepared on a platinum surface that is exactly 20 platinum atoms high and 14 platinum atoms wide, what is the mass (grams) of the atomic surface? c. If the atomic surface were changed to ruthenium atoms and the same surface mass as determined in part \(\mathrm{b}\) is used, what number of ruthenium atoms is needed to construct the surface?

An element \(\mathrm{X}\) forms both a dichloride \(\left(\mathrm{XCl}_{2}\right)\) and a tetrachloride \(\left(\mathrm{XCl}_{4}\right) .\) Treatment of \(10.00 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{XCl}_{2}\) with excess chlorine forms \(12.55 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{XCl}_{4}\). Calculate the atomic mass of \(\mathrm{X}\), and identify \(\underline{X}\)

Calculate the percent composition by mass of the following compounds that are important starting materials for synthetic polymers: a. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (acrylic acid, from which acrylic plastics are made) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (methyl acrylate, from which Plexiglas is made) c. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}\) (acrylonitrile, from which Orlon is made)

From the information below, determine the mass of substance \(C\) that will be formed if \(45.0\) grams of substance \(A\) reacts with \(23.0\) grams of substance \(B\). (Assume that the reaction between \(A\) and \(B\) goes to completion.) a. Substance \(A\) is a gray solid that consists of an alkaline earth metal and carbon ( \(37.5 \%\) by mass). It reacts with substance \(B\) to produce substances \(C\) and \(D .\) Forty million trillion formula units of \(A\) have a mass of \(4.26\) milligrams. b. \(47.9\) grams of substance \(B\) contains \(5.36\) grams of hydrogen and \(42.5\) grams of oxygen. c. When \(10.0\) grams of \(C\) is burned in excess oxygen, \(33.8\) grams of carbon dioxide and \(6.92\) grams of water are produced. \(\mathrm{A}\) mass spectrum of substance \(C\) shows a parent molecular ion with a mass-to-charge ratio of 26 . d. Substance \(D\) is the hydroxide of the metal in substance \(A\).
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