Silicon is produced for the chemical and electronics industries by the following reactions. Give the balanced equation for each reaction. a. \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{C}(s) \frac{\text { Heemic }}{\text { ar thmace }} \mathrm{Si}(s)+\mathrm{CO}(g)\) b. Silicon tetrachloride is reacted with very pure magnesium, producing silicon and magnesium chloride. c. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SiF}_{6}(s)+\mathrm{Na}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s)+\mathrm{NaF}(s)\) 98\. Glass is a mixture of several compounds, but a major constituent of most glass is calcium silicate, \(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3} .\) Glass can be etched by treatment with hydrofluoric acid; HF attacks the calcium silicate of the glass, producing gaseous and water-soluble products (which can be removed by washing the glass). For example, the volumetric glassware in chemistry laboratories is often graduated by using this process. Balance the following equation for the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with calcium silicate. $$ \mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) $$

Step by step solution

01

Count atoms on both sides of the equation

First count the number of atoms for each element on both the reactants and products side: Reactants: 1 Si, 2 O, and 1 C. Products: 1 Si, 1 O, and 1 C.

02

Balance the equation

Since there are two oxygen atoms on the reactant side, but only one on the product side, we need to add a 2 in front of \(\mathrm{CO}(g)\): \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s) + \mathrm{C}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s) + 2\mathrm{CO}(g)\) Now, the equation is balanced with 1 Si, 2 O, and 1 C on both sides. b. Balance the reaction of silicon tetrachloride with very pure magnesium

03

Write the unbalanced equation

We need to write the unbalanced equation for the reaction of silicon tetrachloride (\(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}\)) with magnesium (Mg), producing silicon (Si) and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂): \(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}(g) + \mathrm{Mg}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s) + \mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s)\)

04

Balance the equation

Count the number of atoms for each element on both sides: Reactants: 1 Si, 4 Cl, and 1 Mg. Products: 1 Si, 2 Cl, and 1 Mg. We need to balance the number of Cl atoms, so we add a 2 in front of \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s)\) and also need to put a 2 in front of the \(\mathrm{Mg}(s)\): \(\mathrm{SiCl}_{4}(g) + 2\mathrm{Mg}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s) + 2\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(s)\) Now, the equation is balanced with 1 Si, 4 Cl, and 2 Mg on both sides. c. Balance the reaction of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SiF}_{6}(s) + \mathrm{Na}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s) + \mathrm{NaF}(s)\)

05

Count atoms on both sides of the equation

Count the number of atoms for each element on both the reactants and products side: Reactants: 2 Na, 1 Si, 6 F. Products: 1 Si, 1 Na, and 1 F.

06

Balance the equation

Add a 3 in front of \(\mathrm{NaF}(s)\) to balance Na and F: \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SiF}_{6}(s) + \mathrm{Na}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Si}(s) + 3\mathrm{NaF}(s)\) Now, the equation is balanced with 1 Si, 3 Na, and 6 F on both sides. 98. Balance the reaction of \(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s) + \mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q) + \mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g) + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\)

07

Count atoms on both sides of the equation

Count the number of atoms for each element on both the reactants and products side: Reactants: 1 Ca, 1 Si, 3 O, 1 H, 1 F. Products: 1 Ca, 1 Si, 1 O, 2 H, 6 F.

08

Balance the equation

Add a 4 in front of \(\mathrm{HF}(a q)\): \(\mathrm{CaSiO}_{3}(s) + 4\mathrm{HF}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CaF}_{2}(a q) + \mathrm{SiF}_{4}(g) + \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) Now the equation is balanced with 1 Ca, 1 Si, 3 O, 4 H, and 6 F on both sides.

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