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Chapter 4: Problem 80

Assign oxidation states for all atoms in each of the following compounds. a. \(\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}\) f. \(\mathrm{Mg}_{2} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) b. \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \quad\) g. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) c. \(\mathrm{NaBiO}_{3}\) h. \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) d. As i. \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) e. \(\mathrm{HAsO}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. U: +6, O: -2 b. As: +3, O: -2 c. Na: +1, Bi: +5, O: -2 d. As: 0 e. H: +1, As: +3, O: -2 f. Mg: +2, P: +5, O: -2 g. Na: +1, S: +2, O: -2 h. Hg: +1, Cl: -1 i. Ca: +2, N: +5, O: -2

Step by step solution

01

a. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Oxygen has an oxidation state of -2. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Uranium (U) be x. \(x + 2(-2) = +2\) Solve for x: \(x = +6\) Uranium has an oxidation state of +6 in \(\mathrm{UO}_{2}^{2+}\).
02

b. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Oxygen has an oxidation state of -2. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Arsenic (As) be x. \(2x + 3(-2) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +3\) Arsenic has an oxidation state of +3 in \(\mathrm{As}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\).
03

c. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{NaBiO}_{3}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Sodium (Na) and Oxygen have oxidation states of +1 and -2, respectively. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Bismuth (Bi) be x. \(+1 + x + 3(-2) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +5\) Bismuth has an oxidation state of +5 in \(\mathrm{NaBiO}_{3}\).
04

d. Assigning Oxidation States for As

Elemental As has an oxidation state of 0.
05

e. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{HAsO}_{2}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen have oxidation states of +1 and -2, respectively. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Arsenic (As) be x. \(+1 + x + 2(-2) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +3\) Arsenic has an oxidation state of +3 in \(\mathrm{HAsO}_{2}\).
06

f. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{Mg}_{2} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Magnesium (Mg) and Oxygen have oxidation states of +2 and -2, respectively. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Phosphorus (P) be x. \(2(+2) + 2x + 7(-2) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +5\) Phosphorus has an oxidation state of +5 in \(\mathrm{Mg}_{2} \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\).
07

g. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Sodium (Na) and Oxygen have oxidation states of +1 and -2, respectively. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Sulfur (S) be x. \(2(+1) + 2x + 3(-2) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +2\) Sulfur has an oxidation state of +2 in \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\).
08

h. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Chlorine (Cl) has an oxidation state of -1. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Mercury (Hg) be x. \(2x + 2(-1) = 0\) Solve for x: \(x = +1\) Mercury has an oxidation state of +1 in \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\).
09

i. Assigning Oxidation States for \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

Step 1: Assign known oxidation states Calcium (Ca), Oxygen, and Hydrogen have oxidation states of +2, -2, and +1, respectively. Step 2: Calculate unknown oxidation state Let the oxidation state of Nitrogen (N) be x. \(x + 3(-2) = -1\) Solve for x: \(x = +5\) Nitrogen has an oxidation state of +5 in \(\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\).

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