Write reactions for which the enthalpy change will be a. \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for solid aluminum oxide. b. The standard enthalpy of combustion of liquid ethanol, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) .\) c. The standard enthalpy of neutralization of sodium hydroxide solution by hydrochloric acid. d. \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for gaseous vinyl chloride, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}(g)\). e. The enthalpy of combustion of liquid benzene, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(l)\). f. The enthalpy of solution of solid ammonium bromide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. \(2 \mathrm{Al}(s) + \frac{3}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)\) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) + 3\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) c. \(\mathrm{NaOH}_{(aq)} + \mathrm{HCl}_{(aq)} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{NaCl}_{(aq)}\) d. \(2\mathrm{C}(s) + \frac{3}{2}\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}(g)\) e. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(l) + \frac{15}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\) f. \(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Br}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}_{(aq)} + \mathrm{Br}^{-}_{(aq)}\)

Step by step solution

01

a. Enthalpy of formation for solid aluminum oxide.

To write the reaction for the enthalpy of formation of solid aluminum oxide, we need to combine its constituent elements (aluminum and oxygen) in their standard states. The balanced reaction is: \[2 \mathrm{Al}(s) + \frac{3}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)\]
02

b. Standard enthalpy of combustion of liquid ethanol.

In the combustion of liquid ethanol, it reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water as products. The balanced reaction is: \[\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(l) + 3\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]
03

c. Standard enthalpy of neutralization of sodium hydroxide solution by hydrochloric acid.

In this reaction, sodium hydroxide, a strong base, reacts with hydrochloric acid, a strong acid, to form water and sodium chloride as products. The balanced reaction is: \[\mathrm{NaOH}_{(aq)} + \mathrm{HCl}_{(aq)} \rightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) + \mathrm{NaCl}_{(aq)}\]
04

d. Enthalpy of formation for gaseous vinyl chloride.

To write the reaction for the enthalpy of formation of gaseous vinyl chloride, we need to combine its constituent elements (carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine) in their standard states. The balanced reaction is: \[2\mathrm{C}(s) + \frac{3}{2}\mathrm{H}_{2}(g) + \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}(g)\]
05

e. Enthalpy of combustion of liquid benzene.

In the combustion of liquid benzene, it reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water as products. The balanced reaction is: \[\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}(l) + \frac{15}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g) + 3\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l)\]
06

f. Enthalpy of solution of solid ammonium bromide.

In the process of dissolving solid ammonium bromide in water, the solid dissociates into its constituent ammonium and bromide ions and forms a solution. The balanced reaction is: \[\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Br}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}_{(aq)} + \mathrm{Br}^{-}_{(aq)}\]

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Hydrogen gives off \(120 . \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{g}\) of energy when burned in oxygen, and methane gives off \(50 .\) J/g under the same circumstances. If a mixture of \(5.0 \mathrm{~g}\) hydrogen and \(10 . \mathrm{g}\) methane is burned, and the heat released is transferred to \(50.0 \mathrm{~g}\) water at \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), what final temperature will be reached by the water?

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Give the definition of the standard enthalpy of formation for a substance. Write separate reactions for the formation of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\), \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\), and \(\mathrm{PbSO}_{4}\) that have \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) values equal to \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^{\circ}\) for each compound.

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