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Chapter 7: Problem 10

Choose the best response for the following. The ionization energy for the chlorine atom is equal in magnitude to the electron affinity for a. the \(\mathrm{Cl}\) atom. b. the \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) ion. c. the \(\mathrm{Cl}^{+}\) ion. d. the \(\mathrm{F}\) atom. e. none of these. Explain each choice. Justify your choice, and for the choices you did not select, explain what is incorrect about them.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct answer is option b: the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion. The ionization energy of the Cl atom is equal in magnitude to the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion, as both processes involve a single electron interacting with chlorine.

Step by step solution

01

Option a: The Cl atom

We know that the ionization energy for the Cl atom is the energy required to remove an electron from the Cl atom. The electron affinity for the Cl atom is the energy released when an electron is added to the Cl atom. Since ionization energy and electron affinity have opposite effects (removal vs addition of an electron), they are not equal in magnitude for the Cl atom.
02

Option b: The Cl- ion

The electron affinity of the Cl^- ion is the energy change when an electron is added to Cl^- to form Cl^2-. However, when comparing this to the ionization energy of the Cl atom (which involves the removal of an electron), it is important to note that both processes involve the energy change of a single electron interacting with chlorine. Therefore, the ionization energy of the Cl atom is equal in magnitude to the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion.
03

Option c: The Cl+ ion

The electron affinity of the Cl^+ ion is the energy change when an electron is added to Cl^+ to form Cl. However, the energy is different when adding an electron to Cl^+ than when removing an electron from neutral Cl. Thus, the ionization energy of Cl atom is not equal in magnitude to the electron affinity of the Cl^+ ion.
04

Option d: The F atom

The ionization energy of the chlorine atom is the energy required to remove an electron from the Cl atom, while the electron affinity of the F atom is the energy released when an electron is added to the F atom. These two atoms have different energy levels and cannot be directly compared.
05

Option e: None of these

Since we've found that the ionization energy of the Cl atom is equal to the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion in Option b, we can discard this option as a possibility.
06

Conclusion

The correct answer is option b: the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion. The ionization energy of the Cl atom is equal in magnitude to the electron affinity of the Cl^- ion, as both processes involve a single electron interacting with chlorine.

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