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Chapter 7: Problem 11

Consider the following statement: "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is negative, because when \(\mathrm{K}\) loses an electron to become \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration." Indicate everything that is correct in this statement. Indicate everything that is incorrect. Correct the incorrect information and explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct parts of the statement are that when potassium (K) loses an electron to become potassium ion (K+), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration. The incorrect part is that the ionization energy for the potassium atom is negative. Ionization energy is always positive as it requires energy to remove an electron from an atom. The corrected statement is: "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is positive because when potassium (K) loses an electron to become potassium ion (K+), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration."

Step by step solution

01

Rewriting the statement for clarity

Let's rewrite the given statement to better understand it: "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is negative because when potassium (K) loses an electron to become potassium ion (K+), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration."
02

Understanding Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in its gaseous state. It is generally expressed in electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). Ionization energy has a positive value because it takes energy to remove an electron from an atom. The more energy it takes, the higher the ionization energy.
03

Identifying the correct information

The given statement says that when potassium (K) loses an electron to become potassium ion (K+), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration. This is correct. Potassium is an alkali metal with an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s1. By losing one electron, it becomes K+, having an electron configuration of [Ar], which is the same as the noble gas argon.
04

Identifying the incorrect information & correcting it

The incorrect part of the statement is that "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is negative". As mentioned earlier, ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom, and it always has a positive value. Thus, we need to correct this part of the statement: "The ionization energy for the potassium atom is positive because when potassium (K) loses an electron to become potassium ion (K+), it achieves a noble gas electron configuration."
05

Providing an explanation for the correction

The ionization energy should be positive because it takes energy to remove an electron from an atom. When potassium loses an electron to form a potassium ion, it requires energy to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged electron and the positively charged nucleus. This energy required to remove an electron is called ionization energy and has positive values.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A carbon-oxygen double bond in a certain organic molecule absorbs radiation that has a frequency of \(6.0 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\). a. What is the wavelength of this radiation? b. To what region of the spectrum does this radiation belong? c. What is the energy of this radiation per photon? per mole of photons? d. A carbon-oxygen bond in a different molecule absorbs radiation with frequency equal to \(5.4 \times 10^{13} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}\). Is this radiation more or less energetic?

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The wave function for the \(2 p_{z}\) orbital in the hydrogen atom is $$ \psi_{2 p_{z}}=\frac{1}{4 \sqrt{2 \pi}}\left(\frac{Z}{a_{0}}\right)^{3 / 2} \sigma \mathrm{e}^{-\sigma / 2} \cos \theta $$ where \(a_{0}\) is the value for the radius of the first Bohr orbit in meters \(\left(5.29 \times 10^{-11}\right), \sigma\) is \(Z\left(r / a_{0}\right), r\) is the value for the distance from the nucleus in meters, and \(\theta\) is an angle. Calculate the value of \(\psi_{2 p_{p}}^{2}\) at \(r=a_{0}\) for \(\theta=0^{\circ}\left(z\right.\) axis) and for \(\theta=90^{\circ}(x y\) plane).

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