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Chapter 7: Problem 110

For each of the following pairs of elements \((\mathrm{Mg}\) and \(\mathrm{K}) \quad(\mathrm{F}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl})\) pick the atom with a. more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity. b. higher ionization energy. c. larger size.

Short Answer

Expert verified
For the pair Mg and K: Mg has a more favorable electron affinity, higher ionization energy, and smaller size. For the pair F and Cl: F has a more favorable electron affinity, higher ionization energy, and smaller size.

Step by step solution

01

Pair 1: Mg (Magnesium) and K (Potassium)

a. Electron affinity: Electron affinity generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group in the periodic table. As potassium (K) is below magnesium (Mg) in Group 1 and Group 2, it has less favorable (exothermic) electron affinity, and Mg has more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity. b. Ionization energy: Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group. Since potassium (K) is below magnesium (Mg) in the periodic table, K has a lower ionization energy compared to Mg. c. Atomic size: Atomic size generally decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a group. As potassium (K) is below magnesium (Mg) in the periodic table, its atomic size is larger than that of Mg.
02

Pair 2: F (Fluorine) and Cl (Chlorine)

a. Electron affinity: Electron affinity generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group. Since chlorine (Cl) is below fluorine (F) in Group 17, it has less favorable (exothermic) electron affinity, and F has more favorable (exothermic) electron affinity. b. Ionization energy: Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right and decreases down a group. Since chlorine (Cl) is below fluorine (F) in the periodic table, Cl has lower ionization energy compared with F. c. Atomic size: Atomic size generally decreases across a period from left to right and increases down a group. As chlorine (Cl) is below fluorine (F) in the periodic table, its atomic size is larger than that of F.

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