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Chapter 7: Problem 117

Write equations corresponding to the following. a. the fourth ionization energy of Se b. the electron affinity of \(\mathrm{S}^{-}\) c. the electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) d. the ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Mg}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. \(Se^{3+} + IE_{4} \rightarrow Se^{4+} + e^{-}\) b. \(S^{-} + e^{-} \rightarrow S^{2-} + EA\) c. \(Fe^{3+} + e^{-} \rightarrow Fe^{2+} + EA\) d. \(Mg + IE \rightarrow Mg^{+} + e^{-}\)

Step by step solution

01

a. The fourth ionization energy of Se

To find the fourth ionization energy of Se, we need to determine the initial and final states of the selenium atom in this process. After three ionizations, we have the Se³⁺ ion (three electrons removed). The fourth ionization implies the removal of another electron from this ion. The general formula for ionization energy is: Atom/ion + Ionization Energy → Atom/ion⁺ + e⁻ Applying this to Se: Se³⁺ + IE₄ → Se⁴⁺ + e⁻
02

b. The electron affinity of \(\mathrm{S}^{-}\)

Electron affinity refers to the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom or ion. For this case, we are considering the addition of an electron to a sulfur ion, S⁻. The general formula for electron affinity is: Atom/ion + e⁻ → Atom/ion⁻ + Electron Affinity Applying this to S⁻: S⁻ + e⁻ → S²⁻ + EA
03

c. The electron affinity of \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\)

In this case, we are considering the electron affinity of an iron ion, Fe³⁺. We need to add an electron to this ion. Using the general formula for electron affinity: Fe³⁺ + e⁻ → Fe²⁺ + EA
04

d. The ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Mg}\)

For the ionization energy of magnesium, Mg, we need to remove one electron from the gaseous atom. Using the general formula for ionization energy: Mg + IE → Mg⁺ + e⁻

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Without looking at data in the text, sketch a qualitative graph of the third ionization energy versus atomic number for the elements Na through Ar, and explain your graph.

While Mendeleev predicted the existence of several undiscovered elements, he did not predict the existence of the noble gases, the lanthanides, or the actinides. Propose reasons why Mendeleev was not able to predict the existence of the noble gases.

The elements \(\mathrm{Cu}, \mathrm{O}, \mathrm{La}, \mathrm{Y}, \mathrm{Ba}, \mathrm{Tl}\), and \(\mathrm{Bi}\) are all found in high- temperature ceramic superconductors. Write the expected electron configuration for these atoms.

Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have these quantum numbers: a. \(n=0, \ell=0, m_{\ell}=0\) b. \(n=2, \ell=1, m_{\ell}=-1, m_{s}=-\frac{1}{2}\) c. \(n=3, m_{s}=+\frac{1}{2}\) d. \(n=2, \ell=2\) e. \(n=1, \ell=0, m_{\ell}=0\)

How many electrons in an atom can have the designation \(1 p\), \(6 d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}, 4 f, 7 p_{y}, 2 s, n=3 ?\)
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