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Chapter 1: Problem 61
At what temperature is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit equal to twice the temperature in degrees Celsius?
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Many times errors are expressed in terms of percentage. The percent error is the absolute value of the difference of the true value and the experimental value, divided by the true value, and multiplied by \(100 .\) Percent error \(=\frac{\mid \text { true value }-\text { experimental value } \mid}{\text { true value }} \times 100\) Calculate the percent error for the following measurements. a. The density of an aluminum block determined in an experiment was \(2.64 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). (True value \(2.70 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\).) b. The experimental determination of iron in iron ore was \(16.48 \% .\) (True value \(16.12 \% .)\) c. A balance measured the mass of a \(1.000-\mathrm{g}\) standard as \(0.9981 \mathrm{~g}\)
Which of the following are chemical changes? Which are physical changes? a. the cutting of food b. interaction of food with saliva and digestive enzymes c. proteins being broken down into amino acids d. complex sugars being broken down into simple sugars e. making maple syrup by heating maple sap to remove water through evaporation f. DNA unwinding
The hottest temperature recorded in the United States is \(134^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) in Greenland Ranch, CA. The melting point of phosphorus is \(44^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). At this temperature, would phosphorus be a liquid or a solid?
Ethylene glycol is the main component in automobile antifreeze. To monitor the temperature of an auto cooling system, you intend to use a meter that reads from 0 to 100 . You devise a new temperature scale based on the approximate melting and boiling points of a typical antifreeze solution \(\left(-45^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right.\) and \(115^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ). You wish these points to correspond to \(0^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\) and \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\), respectively. a. Derive an expression for converting between \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\) and \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). b. Derive an expression for converting between \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) and \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\). c. At what temperature would your thermometer and a Celsius thermometer give the same numerical reading? d. Your thermometer reads \(86^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\). What is the temperature in \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and in \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\) ? e. What is a temperature of \(45^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) in \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{A}\) ?
What data would you need to estimate the money you would spend on gasoline to drive your car from New York to Chicago? Provide estimates of values and a sample calculation.
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