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Chapter 1: Problem 88

The properties of a mixture are typically averages of the properties of its components. The properties of a compound may differ dramatically from the properties of the elements that combine to produce the compound. For each process described below, state whether the material being discussed is most likely a mixture or a compound, and state whether the process is a chemical change or a physical change. a. An orange liquid is distilled, resulting in the collection of a yellow liquid and a red solid. b. A colorless, crystalline solid is decomposed, yielding a pale yellow-green gas and a soft, shiny metal. c. A cup of tea becomes sweeter as sugar is added to it.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. Mixture and Physical Change b. Compound and Chemical Change c. Mixture and Physical Change

Step by step solution

01

Scenario (a)

An orange liquid is distilled, resulting in the collection of a yellow liquid and a red solid. Here we identify the material as most likely a mixture because distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their different boiling points. Since two different materials were obtained from the original liquid, they were not bound together as a compound would be. The process is a physical change because distillation involves a change of state (liquid to vapor and back to liquid), and no new substances are formed. Answer: Mixture and Physical Change
02

Scenario (b)

A colorless, crystalline solid is decomposed, yielding a pale yellow-green gas and a soft, shiny metal. In this case, the material being discussed appears to be a compound since it is decomposed into different elements (gas and metal). Decomposition is a process where a compound breaks down into its constituent elements. This process is a chemical change because new substances (gas and metal) are formed from the original substance (crystalline solid), and the process involves breaking or forming chemical bonds. Answer: Compound and Chemical Change
03

Scenario (c)

A cup of tea becomes sweeter as sugar is added to it. The material being discussed in this scenario is most likely a mixture. Adding sugar to a cup of tea does not form a new compound, but instead, the sugar dissolves into the tea and the properties of the mixture change (becoming sweeter). This is a physical change as no new substances are formed, and it involves only mixing the sugar with the tea without altering their chemical structures. Answer: Mixture and Physical Change

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A \(25.00-g\) sample of a solid is placed in a graduated cylinder, and then the cylinder is filled to the \(50.0-\mathrm{mL}\) mark with benzene. The mass of benzene and solid together is \(58.80 \mathrm{~g}\). Assuming that the solid is insoluble in benzene and that the density of benzene is \(0.880 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\), calculate the density of the solid.

The density of pure silver is \(10.5 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). If \(5.25 \mathrm{~g}\) of pure silver pellets is added to a graduated cylinder containing \(11.2 \mathrm{~mL}\) of water, to what volume level will the water in the cylinder rise?

Diamonds are measured in carats, and 1 carat \(=0.200 \mathrm{~g}\). The density of diamond is \(3.51 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). a. What is the volume of a \(5.0\) -carat diamond? b. What is the mass in carats of a diamond measuring \(2.8 \mathrm{~mL}\) ?

When a marble is dropped into a beaker of water, it sinks to the bottom. Which of the following is the best explanation? a, The surface area of the marble is not large enough to be held up by the surface tension of the water. b. The mass of the marble is greater than that of the water. c. The marble weighs more than an equivalent volume of the water. d. The force from dropping the marble breaks the surface tension of the water. e. The marble has greater mass and volume than the water. Justify your choice, and for choices you did not pick, explain what is wrong about them.

Convert the following Celsius temperatures to Kelvin and to Fahrenheit degrees. a. the temperature of someone with a fever, \(39.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) b. a cold wintery day, \(-25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) c. the lowest possible temperature, \(-273^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) d. the melting-point temperature of sodium chloride, \(801^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\)
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