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Chapter 10: Problem 35

Identify the most important types of interparticle forces present in the solids of each of the following substances. a. Ar e. \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) b. \(\mathrm{HCl}\) f. CO c. HF g. \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3}\) d. \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. In solid Ar, the most important interparticle force is the London dispersion force. b. In solid HCl, the most important interparticle force is the dipole-dipole interaction. c. In solid HF, the most important interparticle force is hydrogen bonding. d. In solid CaCl\(_2\), the most important interparticle force is ionic bonding. e. In solid CH\(_4\), the most important interparticle force is the London dispersion force. f. In solid CO, the most important interparticle force is the dipole-dipole interaction. g. In solid NaNO\(_3\), the most important interparticle force is ionic bonding.

Step by step solution

01

a. Ar

In solid Argon (Ar), the most important interparticle force is the London dispersion force. This is because Ar is a noble gas and exists as individual atoms. London dispersion forces are the only type of intermolecular forces present in noble gases.
02

b. HCl

In solid Hydrochloric acid (HCl), the most important interparticle force is the dipole-dipole interaction. This is because HCl is a polar molecule with hydrogen bonded to chlorine, creating a dipole moment. Since no hydrogen bonding is occurring, the main force holding HCl molecules together is dipole-dipole interaction.
03

c. HF

In solid Hydrogen fluoride (HF), the most important interparticle force is hydrogen bonding. This is because fluorine is the most electronegative element, creating strong electronegativity differences between hydrogen and fluorine atoms. This results in strong hydrogen bonds between HF molecules.
04

d. CaCl2

In solid Calcium chloride (CaCl2), the most important interparticle force is ionic bonding. This is because CaCl2 is an ionic compound composed of calcium ions (Ca2+) and chloride ions (Cl-). These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces, i.e., ionic bonding.
05

e. CH4

In solid Methane (CH4), the most important interparticle force is the London dispersion force. This is because CH4 is a nonpolar molecule with all the hydrogen atoms bonded to a central carbon atom. Since there are no dipole moments or hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces are the primary force between CH4 molecules.
06

f. CO

In solid Carbon monoxide (CO), the most important interparticle force is the dipole-dipole interaction. This is because CO is a polar molecule with a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom, creating a dipole moment. As there is no hydrogen bonding, the main force holding CO molecules together is dipole-dipole interactions.
07

g. NaNO3

In solid Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), the most important interparticle force is ionic bonding. This is because NaNO3 is an ionic compound composed of sodium ions (Na+) and nitrate ions (NO3-). These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces, i.e., ionic bonding.

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