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Chapter 10: Problem 8

What is the vapor pressure of water at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? How do you know?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The vapor pressure of water at \(100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\) is approximately 101.3 kPa. This value is found using reference materials, such as the "International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam - IAPWS" guidelines or other textbooks and online resources. The vapor pressure is determined experimentally by measuring the pressure above a liquid water sample in a closed container as the temperature varies, and then tabulating or modeling the data using mathematical equations.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase at a given temperature. For water, the vapor phase is water vapor and the condensed phase is liquid water. The vapor pressure depends on temperature, and it increases as the temperature increases.
02

Find a Reference

To determine the vapor pressure of water at \(100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\), we can consult reference materials like textbooks, scientific papers, or online resources. A commonly used reference for vapor pressure is the "International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam - IAPWS" guidelines.Tables can be found in many textbooks or online resources (such as the "NIST Chemistry WebBook"); the IAPWS also provides computer programs and web applications for calculating vapor pressure.
03

Determine Vapor Pressure of Water at \(100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\)

Using one of the references mentioned in Step 2, we find that the vapor pressure of water at \(100^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\) is approximately 101.3 kPa (kilopascals). This value corresponds to the atmospheric pressure at sea level, which means that, at this temperature, water boils and turns into steam.
04

Explain How It Was Determined

The vapor pressure of water at different temperatures can be determined experimentally by measuring the pressure above a liquid water sample in a closed container as the temperature is varied. These measurements are then tabulated or modeled using mathematical equations to provide the values found in references. The data used to create these reference materials have been collected and analyzed by many scientists over the years, with efforts to improve accuracy and consistency.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Nickel has a face-centered cubic unit cell. The density of nickel is \(6.84 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). Calculate a value for the atomic radius of nickel.

The memory metal, nitinol, is an alloy of nickel and titanium. It is called a memory metal because after being deformed, a piece of nitinol wire will return to its original shape. The structure of nitinol consists of a simple cubic array of \(\mathrm{Ni}\) atoms and an inner penetrating simple cubic array of \(\mathrm{Ti}\) atoms. In the extended lattice, a Ti atom is found at the center of a cube of Ni atoms; the reverse is also true. a. Describe the unit cell for nitinol. b. What is the empirical formula of nitinol? c. What are the coordination numbers (number of nearest neighbors) of \(\mathrm{Ni}\) and \(\mathrm{T}_{1}\) in nitinol?

The molar enthalpy of vaporization of water at \(373 \mathrm{~K}\) and \(1.00\) atm is \(40.7 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). What fraction of this energy is used to change the internal energy of the water, and what fraction is used to do work against the atmosphere? (Hint: Assume that water vapor is an ideal gas.)

Is it possible for the dispersion forces in a particular substance to be stronger than the hydrogen bonding forces in another substance? Explain your answer.

A metallic solid with atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell with an edge length of 392 pm has a density of \(21.45 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). Calculate the atomic mass and the atomic radius of the metal. Identify the metal.
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