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Chapter 10: Problem 81

What type of solid will each of the following substances form? a. \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) g. \(\mathrm{KBr}\) b. \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\) h. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) c. \(\mathrm{Si}\) i. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) d. \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) j. \(\underline{U}\) e. Ru k. \(\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}\) f. \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) 1\. \(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. CO2: Molecular solid g. KBr: Ionic solid b. SiO2: Covalent/Network solid h. H2O: Molecular solid c. Si: Covalent/Network solid i. NaOH: Ionic solid d. CH4: Molecular solid j. U: Metallic solid e. Ru: Metallic solid k. CaCO3: Ionic solid f. I2: Molecular solid 1. PH3: Molecular solid

Step by step solution

01

a. CO2 (Carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide consists of nonmetal atoms (C and O) covalently bonded. As the bonds are weak, and it is a molecular compound, CO2 forms a molecular solid.
02

g. KBr (Potassium Bromide)

Potassium bromide consists of a metal atom (K) and a nonmetal atom (Br) bonded together. Therefore, it forms an ionic solid due to the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.
03

b. SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

Silicon dioxide consists of nonmetal atoms (Si and O) covalently bonded in a crystal lattice, making it a covalent or network solid due to the strong covalent bonds extending in three dimensions.
04

h. H2O (Water)

Water consists of nonmetal atoms (H and O) covalently bonded. Water forms a molecular solid due to the weak hydrogen bonds between the molecules.
05

c. Si (Silicon)

Silicon is a nonmetal element, and its atoms are covalently bonded in a tetrahedral crystal lattice. Thus, Si forms a covalent or network solid.
06

i. NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide consists of a metal atom (Na) and a polyatomic ion (OH) bonded together. It forms an ionic solid due to the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.
07

d. CH4 (Methane)

Methane consists of nonmetal atoms (C and H) covalently bonded, forming a molecular solid due to the weak Van der Waals forces between the molecules.
08

j. U (Uranium)

Uranium is a metallic element, and its atoms are bonded together through metallic bonds. Therefore, it forms a metallic solid.
09

e. Ru (Ruthenium)

Ruthenium is a metallic element, and its atoms are bonded together through metallic bonds. Consequently, it forms a metallic solid.
10

k. CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate)

Calcium carbonate consists of a metal atom (Ca) and a polyatomic ion (CO3) bonded together. Thus, it forms an ionic solid due to the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.
11

f. I2 (Iodine)

Iodine is a nonmetal element, and its atoms are bonded covalently with weak Van der Waals forces between the molecules, making it a molecular solid.
12

1. PH3 (Phosphine)

Phosphine consists of nonmetal atoms (P and H) covalently bonded. As such, it forms a molecular solid due to the weak Van der Waals forces between the molecules.

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