Classify each of the following as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base in aqueous solution. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) e. \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) f. \(\mathrm{HF}\) g. h. \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) i. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)

Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. There are seven strong acids to remember which are: 1. \(\mathrm{HCl}\) - Hydrochloric Acid 2. \(\mathrm{HBr}\) - Hydrobromic Acid 3. \(\mathrm{HI}\) - Hydroiodic Acid 4. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) - Nitric Acid 5. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) - Perchloric Acid 6. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{3}\) - Chloric Acid 7. \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\) - Sulfuric Acid (first dissociation is strong)

Strong bases are bases that dissociate completely into hydroxide ions (\(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)) in water. Common strong bases include group 1 and 2 hydroxides. Examples include: 1. \(\mathrm{LiOH}\) - Lithium hydroxide 2. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) - Sodium hydroxide 3. \(\mathrm{KOH}\) - Potassium hydroxide 4. \(\mathrm{Ca(OH)}_{2}\) - Calcium hydroxide 5. \(\mathrm{Sr(OH)}_{2}\) - Strontium hydroxide 6. \(\mathrm{Ba(OH)}_{2}\) - Barium hydroxide

Now we will classify each of the given substances as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base: a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\): Nitrous acid is not one of the seven strong acids listed. Therefore, it is a weak acid. b. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\): Nitric acid is one of the seven strong acids listed above. Therefore, it is a strong acid. c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{NH}_{2}\): This is a derivative of ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\)), which is a weak base. This substance can accept a proton (H+) to become \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{NH}_{3}^{+}\), making it a weak base. d. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\): Sodium hydroxide is one of the strong bases listed above. Therefore, it is a strong base. e. \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\): Ammonia is not one of the strong bases listed, but can accept a proton (H+) to become \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\). Therefore, it is a weak base. f. \(\mathrm{HF}\): Hydrofluoric acid is not one of the seven strong acids listed. Instead, it is known as a weak acid due to its low dissociation in water. g. It seems that there is no substance g in the list. h. \(\mathrm{Ca(OH)}_{2}\): Calcium hydroxide is one of the strong bases listed above. Therefore, it is a strong base. i. \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\): Sulfuric acid is one of the seven strong acids listed. However, only its first dissociation in water is strong. Therefore, for the given exercise, it is considered a strong acid.