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Chapter 14: Problem 156

A codeine-containing cough syrup lists codeine sulfate as a major ingredient instead of codeine. The Merck Index gives \(\mathrm{C}_{36} \mathrm{H}_{44} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{10} \mathrm{~S}\) as the formula for codeine sulfate. Describe the composition of codeine sulfate. (See Exercise 155.) Why is codeine sulfate used instead of codeine?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The composition of codeine sulfate (\(\mathrm{C}_{36} \mathrm{H}_{44} \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{10} \mathrm{S}\)) is approximately 72.08% Carbon, 7.38% Hydrogen, 4.66% Nitrogen, 26.64% Oxygen, and 5.34% Sulfur. Codeine sulfate is used instead of codeine because it is more soluble in water and has better stability, making it easier to dissolve and absorb by the body in medications such as cough syrup. This improved solubility and stability lead to a more predictable therapeutic response and better patient adherence.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the molar mass of codeine sulfate

To find the molar mass of codeine sulfate, we need to know the molar masses of all the elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and Sulfur (S). C: 12.01 g/mol H: 1.01 g/mol N: 14.01 g/mol O: 16.00 g/mol S: 32.07 g/mol Now, we can calculate the molar mass of codeine sulfate: \(\mathrm{C}_{36} \mathrm{H}_{44} \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{10} \mathrm{S} = 36 \times 12.01 + 44 \times 1.01 + 2 \times 14.01 + 10 \times 16.00 + 32.07 = 600.56 \ \text{g/mol}\)
02

Compute the weight percentage of each element

Next, we need to find the weight percentages of all the elements in codeine sulfate. To do this, we will divide the total mass of each element by the molar mass of codeine sulfate and multiply by 100. Percentage of C: \( \frac{36 \times 12.01}{600.56} \times 100 \approx 72.08 \% \) Percentage of H: \( \frac{44 \times 1.01}{600.56} \times 100 \approx 7.38 \% \) Percentage of N: \( \frac{2 \times 14.01}{600.56} \times 100 \approx 4.66 \% \) Percentage of O: \( \frac{10 \times 16.00}{600.56} \times 100 \approx 26.64 \% \) Percentage of S: \( \frac{32.07}{600.56} \times 100 \approx 5.34 \% \)
03

Describe the composition of codeine sulfate

Based on our calculations, the composition of codeine sulfate is approximately: - 72.08% Carbon - 7.38% Hydrogen - 4.66% Nitrogen - 26.64% Oxygen - 5.34% Sulfur
04

Discuss why codeine sulfate is used instead of codeine

Codeine sulfate is used instead of codeine mainly because it is more soluble in water and has better stability, which makes it easier to dissolve and absorb by the body when in the form of a cough syrup or other medicines. This better solubility and stability of codeine sulfate compared to the base codeine can lead to a more predictable therapeutic response, as well as improved patient adherence and satisfaction due to a reduced need for large formulations or multiple doses.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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