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Chapter 14: Problem 55

What are the major species present in \(0.250 \mathrm{M}\) solutions of each of the following acids? Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of each of these solutions. a. \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) b. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
In both 0.250 M solutions of HClO4 and HNO3, the major species are H+ ions and their respective anions (ClO4- and NO3-), with equal concentrations of 0.250 M. Since these are strong acids, their pH levels are both approximately 0.60, indicating strong acidic solutions.

Step by step solution

01

Write the dissociation reactions of the acids

In this step, we will write the dissociation reactions of both HClO4 and HNO3 in water. a. For the first acid, \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\), the dissociation reaction in water is: \[\mathrm{HClO}_{4}(aq) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+(aq) + \mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-(aq)\] b. For the second acid, \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\), the dissociation reaction in water is: \[\mathrm{HNO}_{3}(aq) \rightarrow \mathrm{H}^+(aq) + \mathrm{NO}_{3}^-(aq)\]
02

Determine the concentrations of major species

Since these are strong acids, the dissociation reactions are essentially complete, and the initial concentration of the acid is equal to the concentration of the dissociated ions in the solution. a. For the \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) solution, the major species are: \(\mathrm{H}^+ (aq)\), \(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-\), and H2O. The concentrations are as follows: \[[\mathrm{H}^+] = [\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^-] = 0.250\,\mathrm{M}\] b. For the \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) solution, the major species are: \(\mathrm{H}^+ (aq)\), \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^-\), and H2O. The concentrations are as follows: \[[\mathrm{H}^+] = [\mathrm{NO}_{3}^-] = 0.250\,\mathrm{M}\]
03

Calculate the pH levels of the solutions

To calculate the pH level of each solution, we can use the following formula for pH: \[\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10} [\mathrm{H}^+]\] a. For the \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) solution: \[\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}(0.250) \approx 0.60\] b. For the \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) solution: \[\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}(0.250) \approx 0.60\] The \(\mathrm{pH}\) levels of both the \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) solutions are approximately 0.60, indicating that they are strong acidic solutions.

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