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Chapter 17: Problem 1

For the process \(\mathrm{A}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{A}(\mathrm{g})\), which direction is favored by changes in energy probability? Positional probability? Explain your answers. If you wanted to favor the process as written, would you raise or lower the temperature of the system? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The process A(l) → A(g) is not favored by energy probability since the liquid phase has lower energy than the gaseous phase. However, the process is favored by positional probability as the gaseous phase has higher positional probability, with more available volume and microstates. To favor the process as written, the temperature of the system should be raised, providing energy to overcome the intermolecular forces in the liquid phase and allowing the transition to the gaseous phase to become more probable.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the process

The given process involves the conversion of substance A from its liquid phase (l) to its gaseous phase (g). It is essential to know which direction is favored by energy probability and positional probability. Step 2: Determine the favored direction by energy probability
02

Determine the favored direction by energy probability

Energy probability is related to the stability of a system, and it usually favors the direction with lower energy. In the case of this process, the liquid phase typically has lower energy than the gaseous phase due to the intermolecular forces in the liquid state. Therefore, the process A(l) → A(g) is not favored by energy probability. Step 3: Determine the favored direction by positional probability
03

Determine the favored direction by positional probability

Positional probability is related to the available volume and number of microstates (arrangements) of a system. The gaseous phase has a higher positional probability compared to the liquid phase since the gas molecules can occupy a larger volume and have more microstates. Thus, the process A(l) → A(g) is favored by positional probability. Step 4: Determine the effect of changing temperature on the process
04

Determine the effect of changing temperature on the process

To favor the process A(l) → A(g) as written, we need to increase the temperature of the system. By raising the temperature, we provide energy to overcome the intermolecular forces in the liquid phase, allowing the molecules of substance A to transition into the gaseous phase. This process becomes more probable as the temperature increases, eventually favoring the formation of the gaseous phase.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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