Consider the following system at equilibrium at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) : $$ \mathrm{PCl}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{PCl}_{5}(g) \quad \Delta G^{\circ}=-92.50 \mathrm{~kJ} $$ What will happen to the ratio of partial pressure of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{5}\) to partial pressure of \(\mathrm{PCl}_{3}\) if the temperature is raised? Explain completely.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Based on the given reaction and the Gibbs free energy equation, there are two possible scenarios when the temperature is increased: 1) If the reaction is exothermic (ΔH < 0), the equilibrium constant decreases with increasing temperature, causing the reaction to shift towards the reactants (PCl3 and Cl2). In this case, the ratio of the partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would decrease. 2) If the reaction is endothermic (ΔH > 0), the equilibrium constant increases with increasing temperature, causing the reaction to shift towards the products (PCl5). In this case, the ratio of the partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would increase. Without specific values for ΔH and ΔS, we cannot provide a definitive answer to whether the ratio of partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would increase or decrease with an increase in temperature. However, we've provided an explanation for both scenarios.

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the reaction#End_tag#

The given reaction is: \[ PCl_3(g) + Cl_2(g) \rightleftharpoons PCl_5(g) \quad \Delta G^{\circ}=-92.50 \,\text{kJ} \] We're asked to analyze the effect of an increase in temperature on the ratio of partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3.
02

Use the Gibbs free energy equation to relate ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS#End_tag#

The equation connecting Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), and entropy change (ΔS) is: \[ \Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S \] We know that at equilibrium, \(\Delta G = 0\). Thus, the equation becomes: \[ 0 = \Delta H - T\Delta S \]
03

Analyze ΔH and ΔS and their relation to temperature#End_tag#

From the above equation, we can write the temperature dependence of ΔH and ΔS as: \[ T = \frac{\Delta H}{\Delta S} \] Since ΔG is given as negative, this means that the reaction is spontaneous at the current temperature, 25°C. To analyze the effect of an increase in temperature, we need to determine the signs of ΔH and ΔS. A negative ΔG can be achieved in two different cases: 1) If both ΔH and ΔS are negative, the reaction is exothermic, and an increase in temperature (T) will shift the reaction towards the reactants (PCl3 and Cl2). 2) If both ΔH and ΔS are positive, the reaction is endothermic, and an increase in temperature (T) will shift the reaction towards the products (PCl5).
04

Use the van 't Hoff equation to find the effect of temperature on equilibrium constant#End_tag#

The van 't Hoff equation is given as: \[ \frac{d\ln K}{dT} = \frac{\Delta H}{RT^2} \] To determine the effect of increasing temperature on the equilibrium constant (K), we can analyze the sign of \(\frac{d\ln K}{dT}\). - If the reaction is exothermic (ΔH < 0), the equilibrium constant decreases with increasing temperature, meaning the reaction shifts towards reactants. - If the reaction is endothermic (ΔH > 0), the equilibrium constant increases with increasing temperature, meaning the reaction shifts towards products.
05

Analyze the result in terms of partial pressures#End_tag#

If the reaction shifts towards the reactants (case 1) due to an increase in temperature, the partial pressures of PCl3 and Cl2 would increase, while the partial pressure of PCl5 would decrease. In this case, the ratio of the partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would decrease. If the reaction shifts towards the products (case 2) due to an increase in temperature, the partial pressures of PCl3 and Cl2 would decrease, while the partial pressure of PCl5 would increase. In this case, the ratio of the partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would increase. Since we don't have the values for ΔH and ΔS, we cannot specifically determine the signs of these parameters and hence can't provide a definitive answer to whether the ratio of partial pressures of PCl5 to PCl3 would increase or decrease with an increase in temperature. However, we've provided an explanation for both scenarios.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction decreases from \(8.84\) to \(3.25 \times 10^{-2}\) when the temperature increases from \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(75^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Estimate the temperature where \(K=1.00\) for this reaction. Estimate the value of \(\Delta S^{\circ}\) for this reaction. (Hint: Manipulate the equation in Exercise \(79 .\) )

At \(100 .{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}, \Delta H^{\circ}=40.6 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) for the vaporiza- tion of water. Estimate \(\Delta G^{\circ}\) for the vaporization of water at \(90 .{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(110 .{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assume \(\Delta H^{\circ}\) and \(\Delta S^{\circ}\) at \(100 .{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\) do not depend on temperature.

Calculate \(\Delta S_{\text {surr }}\) for the following reactions at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(1 \mathrm{~atm}\). a. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8}(g)+5 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 3 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) \(\begin{array}{ll}\Delta H^{\circ}=-2221 \mathrm{~kJ} \\ \text { b. } 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}(g)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g) & \Delta H^{\circ}=112 \mathrm{~kJ}\end{array}\)

Consider the reaction $$ 2 \mathrm{O}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) $$ a. Predict the signs of \(\Delta H\) and \(\Delta S\). b. Would the reaction be more spontaneous at high or low temperatures?

Predict the sign of \(\Delta S^{\circ}\) and then calculate \(\Delta S^{\circ}\) for each of the following reactions. a. \(\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) b. \(2 \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(g)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) c. \(\mathrm{HCl}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)\)

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free