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Chapter 2: Problem 11

Why do we call \(\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) barium nitrate, but we call \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\) iron(II) nitrate?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The naming difference between these two compounds arises from the valency of the elements involved. Barium (Ba) has only one valency (+2), so its compound with Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)) is simply called "barium nitrate." Iron (Fe), on the other hand, has multiple valencies, so its compound with Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)) includes the oxidation state in the name, giving us "iron(II) nitrate" to specify that Iron has a +2 valency in this compound.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the elements in each compound

In the first compound, \(\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), we have Barium (Ba) and Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)). In the second compound, \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), we have Iron (Fe) and Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)) as well.
02

Determine the valency of the elements

Barium (Ba), being an alkaline earth metal, has a valency of +2. Iron (Fe), a transition metal, has more than one valency, typically observed as +2 and +3. Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)), a polyatomic ion, has a valency of -1.
03

Understand the naming convention for compounds

For most compounds containing non-transition metals, such as barium, only one stable compound exists. This means that their name will simply be formed by combining the names of the involved elements (like "barium nitrate"). However, when transition metals with multiple valencies (such as iron) are involved, the compound's name typically includes the metal's oxidation state in roman numerals to distinguish between different possible compounds formed by that metal. For example, "iron(II)" indicates a compound where iron has a +2 valency, while "iron(III)" indicates a compound where iron has a +3 valency.
04

Name the compounds

In the first compound, \(\mathrm{Ba}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), Barium (Ba) forms a compound with Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)) where it has its usual +2 valency. Since Barium has only one valency possible, we simply call this compound "barium nitrate." In the second compound, \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), Iron (II) (Fe) forms a compound with Nitrate (\(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\)). Since Iron has more than one valency possible (+2 and +3), we need to specify its oxidation state in the name, so we call this compound "iron(II) nitrate."

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