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Chapter 20: Problem 13

Write balanced equations describing the reaction of lithium metal with each of the following: \(\mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{~S}, \mathrm{Cl}_{2}, \mathrm{P}_{4}, \mathrm{H}_{2}, \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), and \(\mathrm{HCl} .\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The balanced equations for the reactions of lithium with the given compounds are: 1. \(4 \space Li + O_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space Li_{2}O\) 2. \(2 \space Li + S \rightarrow Li_{2}S\) 3. \(2 \space Li + Cl_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space LiCl\) 4. \(12 \space Li + P_{4} \rightarrow 4 \space Li_{3}P\) 5. \(2 \space Li + H_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space LiH\) 6. \(2 \space Li + 2 \space H_{2}O \rightarrow 2 \space LiOH + H_{2}\) 7. \(2 \space Li + 2 \space HCl \rightarrow 2 \space LiCl + H_{2}\)

Step by step solution

01

1. Reaction with Oxygen (O₂)

Lithium reacts with oxygen to form lithium oxide (Li₂O). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + O_{2} \rightarrow Li_{2}O\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of lithium: \( 4 \space Li + O_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space Li_{2}O \)
02

2. Reaction with Sulfur (S)

Lithium reacts with sulfur to form lithium sulfide (Li₂S). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + S \rightarrow Li_{2}S\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of lithium: \(2 \space Li + S \rightarrow Li_{2}S\)
03

3. Reaction with Chlorine (Cl₂)

Lithium reacts with chlorine to form lithium chloride (LiCl). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + Cl_{2} \rightarrow LiCl\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of lithium chloride: \(2 \space Li + Cl_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space LiCl \)
04

4. Reaction with Phosphorus (P₄)

Lithium reacts with phosphorus to form lithium phosphide (Li₃P). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + P_{4} \rightarrow Li_{3}P\) To balance the equation, we need 12 moles of lithium and 4 moles of lithium phosphide: \(12 \space Li + P_{4} \rightarrow 4 \space Li_{3}P\)
05

5. Reaction with Hydrogen (H₂)

Lithium reacts with hydrogen to form lithium hydride (LiH). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + H_{2} \rightarrow LiH\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of lithium hydride: \(2 \space Li + H_{2} \rightarrow 2 \space LiH \)
06

6. Reaction with Water (H₂O)

Lithium reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and hydrogen gas (H₂). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + H_{2}O \rightarrow LiOH + H_{2}\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of lithium, 2 moles of water, and 2 moles of lithium hydroxide: \(2 \space Li + 2 \space H_{2}O \rightarrow 2 \space LiOH + H_{2}\)
07

7. Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Lithium reacts with hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride (LiCl) and hydrogen gas (H₂). The unbalanced reaction is: \(Li + HCl \rightarrow LiCl + H_{2}\) To balance the equation, we need 2 moles of hydrochloric acid and 2 moles of lithium chloride: \(2 \space Li + 2 \space HCl \rightarrow 2 \space LiCl + H_{2}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What mass of barium is produced when molten \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) is electrolyzed by a current of \(2.50 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~A}\) for \(6.00 \mathrm{~h}\) ?

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