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Chapter 20: Problem 26

Thallium and indium form \(+1\) and \(+3\) oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The possible compounds between thallium and oxygen are thallium(I) oxide (\(Tl_2O\)) and thallium(III) oxide (\(Tl_2O_3\)). The possible compounds between indium and chlorine are indium(I) chloride (\(InCl\)) and indium(III) chloride (\(InCl_3\)).

Step by step solution

01

Determine the oxidation states of oxygen and chlorine

Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2, while chlorine typically has an oxidation state of -1. Now that we know the oxidation states of all elements involved, we can use this information to predict the formulas of the compounds.
02

Predict the formulas of compounds formed between thallium and oxygen

Thallium can form compounds with oxygen in either +1 or +3 oxidation states. To create a neutral compound, we need to balance the positive and negative charges. With a +1 oxidation state, we need two thallium atoms to balance the charge of one oxygen atom, resulting in the formula: \(Tl_2O\) With a +3 oxidation state, we need two oxygen atoms to balance the charge of one thallium atom, resulting in the formula: \(Tl_2O_3\)
03

Name the compounds formed between thallium and oxygen

We can now name these compounds using IUPAC naming conventions. Compound with the formula \(Tl_2O\): Thallium(I) oxide Compound with the formula \(Tl_2O_3\): Thallium(III) oxide
04

Predict the formulas of compounds formed between indium and chlorine

Indium can form compounds with chlorine in either +1 or +3 oxidation states. As before, we need to balance the positive and negative charges to create neutral compounds. With a +1 oxidation state, we need one indium atom and one chlorine atom to balance the charges, resulting in the formula: \(InCl\) With a +3 oxidation state, we need one indium atom and three chlorine atoms to balance the charges, resulting in the formula: \(InCl_3\)
05

Name the compounds formed between indium and chlorine

Using IUPAC naming conventions, we can now name these compounds. Compound with the formula \(InCl\): Indium(I) chloride Compound with the formula \(InCl_3\): Indium(III) chloride In conclusion, the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen are thallium(I) oxide (\(Tl_2O\)) and thallium(III) oxide (\(Tl_2O_3\)). The possible compounds between indium and chlorine are indium(I) chloride (\(InCl\)) and indium(III) chloride (\(InCl_3\)).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

While selenic acid has the formula \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SeO}_{4}\) and thus is directly related to sulfuric acid, telluric acid is best visualized as \(\mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{TeO}_{6}\) or \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) a. What is the oxidation state of tellurium in \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) ? b. Despite its structural differences with sulfuric and selenic acid, telluric acid is a diprotic acid with \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}_{1}}=7.68\) and \(\mathrm{P} K_{a_{2}}=11.29 .\) Telluric acid can be prepared by hydrolysis of tellurium hexafluoride according to the equation $$ \mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g)+6 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}(a q)+6 \mathrm{HF}(a q) $$ Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by the reaction of elemental tellurium with fluorine gas: $$ \mathrm{Te}(s)+3 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow \mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g) $$ If a cubic block of tellurium (density \(\left.=6.240 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\right)\) measuring \(0.545 \mathrm{~cm}\) on edge is allowed to react with \(2.34 \mathrm{~L}\) fluorine gas at \(1.06 \mathrm{~atm}\) and \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), what is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a solution of \(\mathrm{Te}(\mathrm{OH})_{6}\) formed by dissolving the isolated \(\mathrm{TeF}_{6}(g)\) in \(115 \mathrm{~mL}\) solution? Assume \(100 \%\) yield in all reactions.

Halogens form a variety of covalent compounds with each other. For example, chlorine and fluorine form the compounds CIF, \(\mathrm{ClF}_{3}\), and \(\mathrm{ClF}_{5}\). Predict the molecular structure (including bond angles) for each of these three compounds. Would you expect \(\mathrm{FCl}_{3}\) to be a stable compound? Explain.

Write equations describing the reactions of Ga with each of the following: \(\mathrm{F}_{2}, \mathrm{O}_{2}, \mathrm{~S}\), and \(\mathrm{HCl}\).

Which of following statement(s) is/are true? a. Phosphoric acid is a stronger acid than nitric acid. b. The noble gas with the lowest boiling point is helium. c. Sulfur is found as the free element in the earth's crust. d. One of the atoms in Teflon is fluorine. e. The \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\) molecule has a square planar structure.

Discuss the importance of the \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}-\mathrm{Si}\) bond strengths and of \(\pi\) bonding to the properties of carbon and silicon.
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