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Chapter 21: Problem 21

Write electron configurations for the following metals. a. \(\mathrm{Ni}\) b. \(\mathrm{Cd}\) c. Zr d. \(\mathrm{Os}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The electron configurations for the given metals are: a. Nickel (Ni): \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^8\] b. Cadmium (Cd): \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^{10}\] c. Zirconium (Zr): \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^2\] d. Osmium (Os): \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^{10}\,5p^6\,6s^2\,4f^{14}\,5d^6\]

Step by step solution

01

To determine the electron configurations, first note the atomic numbers for each metal: Nickel \(\mathrm{(Ni)}\), Cadmium \(\mathrm{(Cd)}\), Zirconium \(\mathrm{(Zr)}\), Osmium \(\mathrm{(Os)}\). These atomic numbers are as follows: - Nickel: Z = 28 - Cadmium: Z = 48 - Zirconium: Z = 40 - Osmium: Z = 76 #Step 2: Determine Orbitals and Electron Number in Each Orbital#

Use the atomic numbers to fill orbitals in the order of increasing energy: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p. Here's an explanation of what this sequence means: - s orbitals can hold a maximum of 2 electrons - p orbitals can hold a maximum of 6 electrons - d orbitals can hold a maximum of 10 electrons - f orbitals can hold a maximum of 14 electrons Now let's determine the electron configurations for each metal: a. \(\mathrm{Ni}(28)\) electron configuration:
02

Nickel (Ni)

The electron configuration for Ni: \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^8\] b. \(\mathrm{Cd}(48)\) electron configuration:
03

Cadmium (Cd)

The electron configuration for Cd: \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^{10}\] c. \(\mathrm{Zr}(40)\) electron configuration:
04

Zirconium (Zr)

The electron configuration for Zr: \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^2\] d. \(\mathrm{Os}(76)\) electron configuration:
05

Osmium (Os)

The electron configuration for Os: \[1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,4s^2\,3d^{10}\,4p^6\,5s^2\,4d^{10}\,5p^6\,6s^2\,4f^{14}\,5d^6\]

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