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Chapter 22: Problem 92

What types of interactions can occur between the side chains of the following amino acids that would help maintain the tertiary structure of a protein? a. cysteine and cysteine b. glutamine and serine c. glutamic acid and lysine d. proline and leucine

Short Answer

Expert verified
The types of interactions that can occur between the side chains of the given amino acids are: a. Cysteine and Cysteine: Disulfide bonds formed between sulfhydryl groups. b. Glutamine and Serine: Hydrogen bonds formed between polar amide and hydroxyl groups. c. Glutamic Acid and Lysine: Ionic bonds or salt bridges formed between negatively charged carboxyl and positively charged amino groups. d. Proline and Leucine: Hydrophobic interactions due to the clustering of nonpolar, hydrophobic side chains.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the side chains of amino acids

First, let's identify the side chains of each amino acid involved in the pairs: a. Cysteine (Cys) has a side chain with a sulfhydryl (-SH) group: R-SH b. Glutamine (Gln) has a side chain with a polar amide group: R-CONH2 c. Serine (Ser) has a side chain with a polar hydroxyl (-OH) group: R-OH d. Glutamic Acid (Glu) has a side chain with a negatively charged carboxyl group: R-COO- e. Lysine (Lys) has a side chain with a positively charged amino group: R-NH3+ f. Proline (Pro) has a nonpolar, cyclic side chain: R-(CH2)3-NH g. Leucine (Leu) has a nonpolar, hydrophobic side chain: R-CH2CH(CH3)2
02

Interaction between cysteine and cysteine

Cysteine side chains with sulfhydryl groups (R-SH) can form covalent disulfide bonds (R-S-S-R) between two cysteines. This interaction is called a disulfide bond, which helps stabilize the protein's tertiary structure.
03

Interaction between glutamine and serine

The side chains of glutamine (R-CONH2) and serine (R-OH) are both polar. The oxygen atom of serine's hydroxyl group and the nitrogen atom of glutamine's amide group can form a hydrogen bond, which is an important interaction to maintain the tertiary structure of a protein.
04

Interaction between glutamic acid and lysine

Glutamic acid (R-COO-) has a negatively charged carboxyl side group, and lysine (R-NH3+) has a positively charged amino side group. These opposite charges can attract each other and form ionic bonds or salt bridges between the two amino acids. These interactions also help maintain the protein's tertiary structure.
05

Interaction between proline and leucine

Proline (R-(CH2)3-NH) and leucine (R-CH2CH(CH3)2) both have nonpolar, hydrophobic side chains. These side chains do not have any specific interaction like ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds. Instead, they tend to cluster together in the hydrophobic regions of a protein's tertiary structure due to hydrophobic interactions, which can also contribute to the protein's stability.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Oxygen is carried from the lungs to tissues by the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells. Sickle cell anemia is a disease resulting from abnormal hemoglobin molecules in which a valine is substituted for a single glutamic acid in normal hemoglobin. How might this substitution affect the structure of hemoglobin?

Draw the structure for 4 -ethyl-2,3-diisopropylpentane. This name is incorrect. Give the correct systematic name.

The average molar mass of one base pair of nucleotides in DNA is approximately \(600 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). The spacing between successive base pairs is about \(0.34 \mathrm{~nm}\), and a complete turn in the helical structure of DNA occurs about every \(3.4 \mathrm{~nm}\). If a DNA molecule has a molar mass of \(4.5 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\), approximately how many complete turns exist in the DNA \(\alpha\) -helix structure?

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Isoprene is the repeating unit in natural rubber. The structure of isoprene is a. Give a systematic name for isoprene. b. When isoprene is polymerized, two polymers of the form are possible. In natural rubber, the cis configuration is found. The polymer with the trans configuration about the double bond is called gutta percha and was once used in the manufacture of golf balls. Draw the structure of natural rubber and gutta percha showing three repeating units and the configuration about the carbon-carbon double bonds.
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