Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 3: Problem 152

Consider samples of phosphine \(\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right.\) ), water \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\), hydrogen sulfide \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\right)\), and hydrogen fluoride (HF), each with a mass of \(119 \mathrm{~g}\). Rank the compounds from the least to the greatest number of hydrogen atoms contained in the samples.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The ranking of the compounds from least to greatest number of hydrogen atoms is: Hydrogen fluoride (HF) with \(3.58\times10^{24}\) atoms, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with \(4.20\times10^{24}\) atoms, Phosphine (PH3) with \(6.51\times10^{24}\) atoms, and finally Water (H2O) with \(7.96\times10^{24}\) atoms.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the molar mass of each compound

Using the periodic table, we can find the molar mass of each element and then calculate the molar mass of the compounds: - Phosphine (PH3): 1 P + 3 H = 30.97 + 3(1.01) = 33.00 g/mol - Water (H2O): 2 H + 1 O = 2(1.01) + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): 2 H + 1 S = 2(1.01) + 32.07 = 34.08 g/mol - Hydrogen fluoride (HF): 1 H + 1 F = 1.01 + 19.00 = 20.01 g/mol
02

Calculate the moles of each compound

Using the mass (119 g) and molar mass from Step 1, we can calculate the moles of each compound: - Moles of PH3: \(\frac{119 g}{33.00 g/mol} = 3.61 \thinspace mol\) - Moles of H2O: \(\frac{119 g}{18.02 g/mol} = 6.61 \thinspace mol\) - Moles of H2S: \(\frac{119 g}{34.08 g/mol} = 3.49 \thinspace mol\) - Moles of HF: \(\frac{119 g}{20.01 g/mol} = 5.95 \thinspace mol\)
03

Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen in each sample

Now, we need to find out the moles of hydrogen atoms in each sample: - Moles of H in PH3: 3.61 mol * 3 = 10.83 mol - Moles of H in H2O: 6.61 mol * 2 = 13.22 mol - Moles of H in H2S: 3.49 mol * 2 = 6.98 mol - Moles of H in HF: 5.95 mol * 1 = 5.95 mol
04

Convert moles of hydrogen to the number of hydrogen atoms

Now we will convert the moles of hydrogen atoms to actual number of hydrogen atoms using Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol): - Number of H atoms in PH3: \(10.83 \thinspace mol \times 6.022\times10^{23} \thinspace atoms/mol = 6.51\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) - Number of H atoms in H2O: \(13.22 \thinspace mol \times 6.022\times10^{23} \thinspace atoms/mol = 7.96\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) - Number of H atoms in H2S: \(6.98 \thinspace mol \times 6.022\times10^{23} \thinspace atoms/mol = 4.20\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) - Number of H atoms in HF: \(5.95 \thinspace mol \times 6.022\times10^{23} \thinspace atoms/mol = 3.58\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\)
05

Rank the compounds from least to greatest number of hydrogen atoms

Now we can rank the compounds based on the number of hydrogen atoms found in Step 4: 1. Hydrogen fluoride (HF): \(3.58\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) 2. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S): \(4.20\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) 3. Phosphine (PH3): \(6.51\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) 4. Water (H2O): \(7.96\times10^{24} \thinspace atoms\) So, the ranking of the compounds from least to greatest number of hydrogen atoms is: HF < H2S < PH3 < H2O.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

You take \(1.00 \mathrm{~g}\) of an aspirin tablet (a compound consisting solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen), burn it in air, and collect \(2.20 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(0.400 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). You know that the molar mass of aspirin is between 170 and \(190 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). Reacting 1 mole of salicylic acid with 1 mole of acetic anhydride \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{3}\right)\) gives you 1 mole of aspirin and 1 mole of acetic acid \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right.\) ). Use this information to determine the molecular formula of salicylic acid.

Some bismuth tablets, a medication used to treat upset stomachs, contain \(262 \mathrm{mg}\) of bismuth subsalicylate, \(\mathrm{C}_{7} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{BiO}_{4}\), per tablet. Assuming two tablets are digested, calculate the mass of bismuth consumed.

Ascorbic acid, or vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\), is an essential vitamin. It cannot be stored by the body and must be present in the diet. What is the molar mass of ascorbic acid? Vitamin C tablets are taken as a dietary supplement. If a typical tablet contains \(500.0 \mathrm{mg}\) vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\), what amount (moles) and what number of molecules of vitamin C does it contain?

Freon- \(12\left(\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2}\right)\) is used as a refrigerant in air conditioners and as a propellant in aerosol cans. Calculate the number of molecules of Freon-12 in \(5.56 \mathrm{mg}\) of Freon-12. What is the mass of chlorine in \(5.56 \mathrm{mg}\) of Freon- \(12 ?\)

With the advent of techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy, it is now possible to "write" with individual atoms by manipulating and arranging atoms on an atomic surface. a. If an image is prepared by manipulating iron atoms and their total mass is \(1.05 \times 10^{-20} \mathrm{~g}\), what number of iron atoms were used? b. If the image is prepared on a platinum surface that is exactly 20 platinum atoms high and 14 platinum atoms wide, what is the mass (grams) of the atomic surface? c. If the atomic surface were changed to ruthenium atoms and the same surface mass as determined in part b is used, what number of ruthenium atoms is needed to construct the surface?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free