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Chapter 3: Problem 170

A \(2.25-g\) sample of scandium metal is reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce \(0.1502 \mathrm{~g}\) hydrogen gas. What is the formula of the scandium chloride produced in the reaction?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The formula of the scandium chloride produced in the reaction is ScCl2.

Step by step solution

01

Balance the chemical equation of the reaction

The general formula for the reaction of scandium metal and hydrochloric acid is: Sc + HCl -> ScClx + H2 But, we don't know the number of "x" chloride ions in the product, ScClx, so we cannot balance this equation yet. We will determine the value of "x" later.
02

Calculate moles of hydrogen produced

First, we need to convert the mass of hydrogen gas (H2) produced to moles. The molar mass of H2 is 2.02 g/mol. Therefore, Moles of H2 = mass / molar mass = 0.1502 g / 2.02 g/mol = 0.0744 mol
03

Calculate moles of scandium reacted

Similarly, we need to convert the mass of scandium (Sc) reacted to moles. The molar mass of Sc is 44.96 g/mol. Therefore, Moles of Sc = mass / molar mass = 2.25 g / 44.96 g/mol = 0.0500 mol
04

Determine the mole ratio of H2 to Sc

Divide the moles of H2 by the moles of Sc to deduce the mole ratio: Mole ratio = moles of H2 / moles of Sc = 0.0744 mol / 0.0500 mol = 1.488 We will round this ratio to the nearest whole number, which is 1.
05

Balance the chemical equation and determine the formula of scandium chloride

Now that we know the mole ratio of H2 to Sc is 1, we can balance the chemical equation: Sc + 2HCl -> ScCl2 + H2 So, the formula of scandium chloride produced in the reaction is ScCl2.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the balanced equation for each of the following chemical reactions: a. Glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\) reacts with oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor. b. Solid iron(III) sulfide reacts with gaseous hydrogen chloride to form solid iron(III) chloride and hydrogen sulfide gas. c. Carbon disulfide liquid reacts with ammonia gas to produce hydrogen sulfide gas and solid ammonium thiocyanate \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{SCN}\right)\).

In the production of printed circuit boards for the electronics industry, a \(0.60\) -mm layer of copper is laminated onto an insulating plastic board. Next, a circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is printed on the board. The unwanted copper is removed by chemical etching, and the protective polymer is finally removed by solvents. One etching reaction is $$\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(a q)+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}(a q)$$ A plant needs to manufacture 10,000 printed circuit boards, each \(8.0 \times 16.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) in area. An average of \(80 . \%\) of the copper is removed from each board (density of copper \(=8.96 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) ). What masses of \(\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) are needed to do this? Assume \(100 \%\) yield.

Terephthalic acid is an important chemical used in the manufacture of polyesters and plasticizers. It contains only C, \(\mathrm{H}\), and \(\mathrm{O}\). Combustion of \(19.81 \mathrm{mg}\) terephthalic acid produces \(41.98 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(6.45 \mathrm{mg} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). If \(0.250 \mathrm{~mole}\) of terephthalic acid has a mass of \(41.5 \mathrm{~g}\), determine the molecular formula for terephthalic acid.

Vitamin A has a molar mass of \(286.4 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and a general molecular formula of \(\mathrm{C}_{x} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{E}\), where \(\mathrm{E}\) is an unknown element. If vitamin \(\mathrm{A}\) is \(83.86 \% \mathrm{C}\) and \(10.56 \% \mathrm{H}\) by mass, what is the molecular formula of vitamin \(\mathrm{A}\) ?

Balance the following equations: a. \(\mathrm{Cr}(s)+\mathrm{S}_{8}(s) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{3}(s)\) b. \(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}(s) \stackrel{\text { Heat }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)\) c. \(\mathrm{KClO}_{3}(s) \stackrel{\text { Hë }}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{KCl}(s)+\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)\) d. \(\mathrm{Eu}(s)+\mathrm{HF}(g) \rightarrow \operatorname{EuF}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\)
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