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Chapter 3: Problem 18

Which of the following pairs of compounds have the same empirical formula? a. acetylene, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\), and benzene, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) b. ethane, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6}\), and butane, \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\) c. nitrogen dioxide, \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\), and dinitrogen tetroxide, \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}\) d. diphenyl ether, \(\mathrm{C}_{12} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\), and phenol, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The pairs of compounds with the same empirical formula are: a. Acetylene, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}$, and benzene, $\mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{6}$ c. Nitrogen dioxide, $\mathrm{NO}_{2}$, and dinitrogen tetroxide, $\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{4}$

Step by step solution

01

Find the ratio of atoms in each compound

For each compound, we will find the ratio between the different types of atoms. a. Acetylene: C2H2 -> ratio of C to H is 2:2, which reduces to 1:1 Benzene: C6H6 -> ratio of C to H is 6:6, which reduces to 1:1 b. Ethane: C2H6 -> ratio of C to H is 2:6, which reduces to 1:3 Butane: C4H10 -> ratio of C to H is 4:10, which reduces to 2:5 c. Nitrogen dioxide: NO2 -> ratio of N to O is 1:2 Dinitrogen tetroxide: N2O4 -> ratio of N to O is 2:4, which reduces to 1:2 d. Diphenyl ether: C12H10O -> ratio of C to H to O is 12:10:1, which reduces to 6:5:1 Phenol: C6H3OH -> ratio of C to H to O is 6:3:1, which reduces to 2:1:1
02

Compare the ratios of atoms in pairs of compounds

We will now compare the atomic ratios of different compounds to determine which pair has the same empirical formula. a. Acetylene (1:1) and Benzene (1:1) b. Ethane (1:3) and Butane (2:5) c. Nitrogen dioxide (1:2) and Dinitrogen tetroxide (1:2) d. Diphenyl ether (6:5:1) and Phenol (2:1:1) Based on our comparisons, the pairs with the same empirical formula are: a. Acetylene and Benzene c. Nitrogen dioxide and Dinitrogen tetroxide

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A common demonstration in chemistry courses involves adding a tiny speck of manganese(IV) oxide to a concentrated hydrogen peroxide \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) solution. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes quite spectacularly under these conditions to produce oxygen gas and steam (water vapor). Manganese(IV) oxide is a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and is not consumed in the reaction. Write the balanced equation for the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide.

Calculate the percent composition by mass of the following compounds that are important starting materials for synthetic polymers: a. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (acrylic acid, from which acrylic plastics are made) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (methyl acrylate, from which Plexiglas is made) c. \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{~N}\) (acrylonitrile, from which Orlon is made)

Silicon is produced for the chemical and electronics industries by the following reactions. Give the balanced equation for each reaction. a. \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}(s)+\mathrm{C}(s) \frac{\text { Electic }}{\text { arc furmae }} \mathrm{Si}(s)+\mathrm{CO}(g)\) b. Liquid silicon tetrachloride is reacted with very pure solid magnesium, producing solid silicon and solid magnesium chloride. c. \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SiF}_{6}(s)+\mathrm{Na}(s) \rightarrow \operatorname{Si}(s)+\operatorname{NaF}(s)\)

Chloral hydrate \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\right)\) is a drug formerly used as a sedative and hypnotic. It is the compound used to make "Mickey Finns" in detective stories. a. Calculate the molar mass of chloral hydrate. b. What amount (moles) of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) molecules are in \(500.0 \mathrm{~g}\) chloral hydrate? c. What is the mass in grams of \(2.0 \times 10^{-2}\) mole of chloral hydrate? d. What number of chlorine atoms are in \(5.0 \mathrm{~g}\) chloral hydrate? e. What mass of chloral hydrate would contain \(1.0 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Cl}\) ? f. What is the mass of exactly 500 molecules of chloral hydrate?

Consider samples of phosphine \(\left(\mathrm{PH}_{3}\right.\) ), water \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\), hydrogen sulfide \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\right)\), and hydrogen fluoride (HF), each with a mass of \(119 \mathrm{~g}\). Rank the compounds from the least to the greatest number of hydrogen atoms contained in the samples.
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