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Chapter 4: Problem 43

On the basis of the general solubility rules given in Table 4.1, predict which of the following substances are likely to be soluble in water. a. aluminum nitrate b. magnesium chloride c, rubidium sulfate d. nickel(II) hydroxide e. lead(II) sulfide f. magnesium hydroxide g. iron(III) phosphate

Short Answer

Expert verified
Soluble substances: aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and rubidium sulfate (Rb2SO4). Insoluble substances: nickel(II) hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), lead(II) sulfide (PbS), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and iron(III) phosphate (FePO4).

Step by step solution

01

Rule Used:

Rule 1. All nitrates (NO3-) are soluble.
02

Solubility:

Soluble b. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2):
03

Rule Used:

Rule 3. All chlorides (Cl-) are soluble, except when combined with Ag+, Pb^2+, and Hg^2+.
04

Solubility:

Soluble c. Rubidium sulfate (Rb2SO4):
05

Rule Used:

Rule 4. All sulfates (SO4^2-) are soluble, except when combined with Ca^2+, Sr^2+, Ba^2+, and Pb^2+.
06

Solubility:

Soluble d. Nickel(II) hydroxide (Ni(OH)2):
07

Rule Used:

Rule 5. All hydroxides (OH-) and oxides (O^2-) are generally insoluble, except when combined with alkali metals and ammonium.
08

Solubility:

Insoluble e. Lead(II) sulfide (PbS):
09

Rule Used:

Rule 6. All sulfides (S^2-), carbonates (CO3^2-), and phosphates (PO4^3-) are generally insoluble, except when combined with alkali metals and ammonium.
10

Solubility:

Insoluble f. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2):
11

Rule Used:

Rule 5. All hydroxides (OH-) and oxides (O^2-) are generally insoluble, except when combined with alkali metals and ammonium.
12

Solubility:

Insoluble g. Iron(III) phosphate (FePO4):
13

Rule Used:

Rule 6. All sulfides (S^2-), carbonates (CO3^2-), and phosphates (PO4^3-) are generally insoluble, except when combined with alkali metals and ammonium.
14

Solubility:

Insoluble Thus, we can conclude that aluminum nitrate, magnesium chloride, and rubidium sulfate are soluble in water, while nickel(II) hydroxide, lead(II) sulfide, magnesium hydroxide, and iron(III) phosphate are insoluble in water.

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