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Chapter 4: Problem 78

The concentration of a certain sodium hydroxide solution was determined by using the solution to titrate a sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (abbreviated as KHP). KHP is an acid with one acidic hydrogen and a molar mass of \(204.22 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\). In the titration, \(34.67 \mathrm{~mL}\) of the sodium hydroxide solution was required to react with \(0.1082 \mathrm{~g}\) KHP. Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution can be calculated using the following steps: 1. Calculate the moles of KHP: \(moles\,of\,KHP = \frac{0.1082\,g}{204.22\,\frac{g}{mol}}\) 2. Determine the moles of NaOH using stoichiometry: Moles of NaOH = Moles of KHP 3. Calculate the molarity of NaOH: Molarity of NaOH = \(\frac{moles\,of\,NaOH}{0.03467\,L}\) After solving these equations, the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution is found.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate moles of KHP

To find the moles of KHP, we will use the mass of KHP and its molar mass. The formula to calculate moles is: Number of moles = (mass of substance) / (molar mass of substance) Given mass of KHP = 0.1082g Molar mass of KHP = 204.22g/mol Let's calculate the moles of KHP: \(Number\,of\,moles\,of\,KHP = \frac{0.1082\,g}{204.22\,\frac{g}{mol}} \)
02

Calculate moles of NaOH using stoichiometry

For every mole of KHP, one mole of NaOH is required since the reaction between KHP and NaOH is 1:1. Thus, the moles of NaOH are equal to the moles of KHP. Moles of NaOH = Moles of KHP
03

Calculate the molarity of NaOH

Now that we have the moles of NaOH, we can find the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution. To calculate the molarity, we will use the formula: Molarity = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters) Given volume of NaOH solution = 34.67mL First, convert the given volume of NaOH solution in mL to liters: Volume in liters = \(34.67\frac{mL}{1000\,\frac{mL}{L}}\) Now, calculate the molarity of NaOH: Molarity of NaOH = \(\frac{moles\,of\,NaOH}{Volume\,of\,NaOH\,solution\,in\,liters}\)

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