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Chapter 4: Problem 85

Consider the reaction between sodium metal and fluorine \(\left(\mathrm{F}_{2}\right)\) gas to form sodium fluoride. Using oxidation states, how many electrons would each sodium atom lose, and how many electrons would each fluorine atom gain? How many sodium atoms are needed to react with one fluorine molecule? Write a balanced equation for this reaction.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Each sodium atom loses 1 electron, and each fluorine atom gains 1 electron. Two sodium atoms are needed to react with one fluorine molecule. The balanced equation for this reaction is: \( 2 \mathrm{Na}(s) + \mathrm{F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaF}(s) \).

Step by step solution

01

Determine the oxidation states of sodium and fluorine

The oxidation state of sodium metal in its elemental form is 0. The oxidation state of fluorine gas in its elemental form is 0 as well.
02

Determine the oxidation states of sodium and fluorine in sodium fluoride

In a compound, the oxidation states of the elements should add up to the total charge of the compound. Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound formed from sodium ions (Na+) and fluoride ions (F-). The oxidation state of sodium in sodium fluoride is +1, and the oxidation state of fluorine is -1.
03

Determine the number of electrons lost by sodium and gained by fluorine

The change in oxidation state for sodium is from 0 to +1. This means that each sodium atom loses 1 electron. The change in oxidation state for fluorine is from 0 to -1, which means each fluorine atom gains 1 electron.
04

Determine the number of sodium atoms needed to react with one fluorine molecule

One fluorine molecule consists of two fluorine atoms, and each fluorine atom gains 1 electron. Therefore, one fluorine molecule gains 2 electrons in total. To balance the electron transfer, two sodium atoms are needed, as each sodium atom loses 1 electron.
05

Write a balanced equation for the reaction

Now that we know that two sodium atoms react with one fluorine molecule to form two molecules of sodium fluoride, we can write the balanced chemical equation: \[ 2 \mathrm{Na}(s) + \mathrm{F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaF}(s) \] In this equation, 's' represents solid state, and 'g' represents the gaseous state.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the reaction of \(19.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of zinc with excess silver nitrite to produce silver metal and zinc nitrite. The reaction is stopped before all the zinc metal has reacted and \(29.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of solid metal is present. Calculate the mass of each metal in the 29.0-g mixture.

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