Using the general solubility rules given in Table 4.1, name three reagents that would form precipitates with each of the following ions in aqueous solution. Write the net ionic equation for each of your suggestions. a. chloride ion b. calcium ion c. iron(III) ion d. sulfate ion e. mercury(I) ion, \(\mathrm{Hg}_{2}{ }^{2+}\) f. silver ion

Short Answer

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a. Chloride ion: Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺ Net ionic equations: \( Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl↓ \) \( Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow PbCl_2↓ \) \( Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2↓\) b. Calcium ion: CO₃²⁻, PO₄³⁻, C₂O₄²⁻ Net ionic equations: \( Ca^{2+} + CO_3^{2-} \rightarrow CaCO_3↓ \) \( 3Ca^{2+} + 2PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2↓ \) \( Ca^{2+} + C_2O_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaC_2O_4↓\) c. Iron(III) ion: OH⁻, PO₄³⁻, S²⁻ Net ionic equations: \( Fe^{3+} + 3OH^- \rightarrow Fe(OH)_3↓ \) \( 2Fe^{3+} + 3PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Fe_2(PO_4)_3↓ \) \( Fe^{3+} + 3S^{2-} \rightarrow Fe_2S_3↓\) d. Sulfate ion: Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ca²⁺ Net ionic equations: \( Ba^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow BaSO_4↓ \) \( Pb^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow PbSO_4↓ \) \( Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4↓\) e. Mercury(I) ion, Hg₂²⁺: Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻ Net ionic equations: \( Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2↓ \) \( Hg_2^{2+} + 2Br^- \rightarrow Hg_2Br_2↓ \) \( Hg_2^{2+} + 2I^- \rightarrow Hg_2I_2↓\) f. Silver ion: Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻ Net ionic equations: \( Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl↓ \) \( Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr↓ \) \( Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI↓\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with chloride ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that silver, lead, and mercury(I) ions will form precipitates with chloride ions. These are Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg₂²⁺ ions.
02

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl↓ \] \[ Pb^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow PbCl_2↓ \] \[ Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2↓\] #b. Calcium ion#
03

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with calcium ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that carbonate, phosphate, and oxalate ions will form precipitates with calcium ions. These are CO₃²⁻, PO₄³⁻, and C₂O₄²⁻ ions.
04

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Ca^{2+} + CO_3^{2-} \rightarrow CaCO_3↓ \] \[ 3Ca^{2+} + 2PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Ca_3(PO_4)_2↓ \] \[ Ca^{2+} + C_2O_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaC_2O_4↓\] #c. Iron(III) ion#
05

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with iron(III) ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that hydroxide, phosphate, and sulfide ions will form precipitates with iron(III) ions. These are OH⁻, PO₄³⁻, and S²⁻ ions.
06

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Fe^{3+} + 3OH^- \rightarrow Fe(OH)_3↓ \] \[ 2Fe^{3+} + 3PO_4^{3-} \rightarrow Fe_2(PO_4)_3↓ \] \[ Fe^{3+} + 3S^{2-} \rightarrow Fe_2S_3↓\] #d. Sulfate ion#
07

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with sulfate ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that barium, lead, and calcium ions will form precipitates with sulfate ions. These are Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Ca²⁺ ions.
08

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Ba^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow BaSO_4↓ \] \[ Pb^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow PbSO_4↓ \] \[ Ca^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \rightarrow CaSO_4↓\] #e. Mercury(I) ion, Hg₂²⁺
09

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with mercury(I) ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that chloride, bromide, and iodide ions will form precipitates with mercury(I) ions. These are Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻ ions.
10

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Hg_2^{2+} + 2Cl^- \rightarrow Hg_2Cl_2↓ \] \[ Hg_2^{2+} + 2Br^- \rightarrow Hg_2Br_2↓ \] \[ Hg_2^{2+} + 2I^- \rightarrow Hg_2I_2↓\] #f. Silver ion#
11

Identify possible reagents forming precipitates with silver ions

Using the general solubility rules, we can find that chloride, bromide, and iodide ions will form precipitates with silver ions. These are Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻ ions.
12

Write the net ionic equations for precipitation reactions

\ \[ Ag^+ + Cl^- \rightarrow AgCl↓ \] \[ Ag^+ + Br^- \rightarrow AgBr↓ \] \[ Ag^+ + I^- \rightarrow AgI↓\]

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In a \(1-\mathrm{L}\) beaker, \(203 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.307 \mathrm{M}\) ammonium chromate was mixed with \(137 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.269 M\) chromium(III) nitrite to produce ammonium nitrite and chromium(III) chromate. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurring here. If the percent yield of the reaction was \(88.0 \%\), what mass of chromium(III) chromate was isolated?

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A mixture contains only \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3} .\) A \(0.456-\mathrm{g}\) sample of the mixture is dissolved in water, and an excess of \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) is added, producing a precipitate of \(\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{OH})_{3} .\) The precipitate is filtered, dried, and weighed. Its mass is \(0.107\) g. Calculate the following. a. the mass of iron in the sample b. the mass of \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) in the sample c. the mass percent of \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{3}\) in the sample

You are given a solid that is a mixture of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\). A \(0.205-g\) sample of the mixture is dissolved in water. An excess of an aqueous solution of \(\mathrm{BaCl}_{2}\) is added. The \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}\) that is formed is filtered, dried, and weighed. Its mass is \(0.298 \mathrm{~g}\). What mass of \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\) ion is in the sample? What is the mass percent of \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}{ }^{2-}\) ion in the sample? What are the percent compositions by mass of \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) in the sample?

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